San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) defines high risk criteria for patients with syncope. FED 30 90 Failure (Congestive heart failure) ECG abnormalities Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Hematocrit <30% Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg (at any time) Presence of any of the above criteria is regarded as positive. Mnemonic: CHESS Congestive…
Tag: Cardiovascular system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Modified Duke’s Criteria for Infective Endocarditis : Mnemonic
Bacterial Endocarditis FIVE PM, i.e. BE FIVE PM Blood culture positive for IE Endocardial involvement Fever Immunologic phenomena Vascular phenomena Echocardioraphy minor criteria (eliminated) Predisposition Microbiologic evidence Definite Diagnosis from Clinical Criteria: 2 (major) + 0 (minor) or 1 (major) + 3 (minor) or 0 (major) + 5 (minor) Look:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Heart Sounds – Clinically Explained
Auscultation (to listen), a clinical procedure done on a daily basis as an aid in diagnosing many disorders, dates back centuries since the Egyptians. It was then an unaided auscultation (i.e. directly applying the ear to the body). In 1800’s Dr. Rene Laennec introduced the “Stethoscope” (Chest Scope), rolled paper…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Venous drainage of Face : “W” shaped arrangement
When we look from lateral side, the veins on each side form a “W” shaped arrangement. Each corner of the “W” is prolonged upward into the scalp, and downward into the neck. Remember the 3 verticla stems of letter “W”: 1st stem (in face): Facial vein 2nd stem (behind mandible,…
Emergency Medicine 
Acute STEMI Management – Mnemonic based approach
60 year old smoker patient came with epigastric pain and shortness of breath for 4 hours. The patient was tachypneic with SpO2 90%. Other vital signs were relatively stable. ECG was done, Troponin I was positive and CK-MB was 100 IU/l. What is there in ECG above? ST elevation and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Axillary Artery Mnemonics
Origin of Axillary Artery: Continuation of Subclavian artery Extent of Axillary Artery: Outer border of 1st rib to Lower border of teres major (terminates as brachial artery) Relation to Axillary Vein: Lateral to Axillary Vein 3 Parts of Axillary Artery: In relation to Pectoralis Minor muscle 1st part: Proximal 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Maxillary Artery : Mnemonic
Origin of Maxillary artery: Terminal branch of External Carotid Artery (ECA) Derived from: 1st Arch Divisions of Maxillary artery: 3 parts by lateral pterygoid Branches of Maxillary artery Remember: Branches from 1st part Branches from the 2nd part Mnemonic: They supply muscles of mastication which are also derivatives of the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Branches of Subclavian artery : Mnemonic
Origin of Subclavian artery: Left: Arch of aorta Right: Brachiocephalic artery Extent of Subclavian artery: Arises posterior to sternoclavicular joint and ends at outer border of 1st rib by becoming acillary artery. Divisions of Subclavian artery: 3 parts in relation to Scalenus anterior muscle 1st part (medial to muscle) 2nd…