Lateral collateral ligament complex Restraint to varus and posterolateral rotatory instability. Anatomy is more variable. LCL arises from lateral humeral condyle at a point through which the axis of rotation passes – it maintains a uniform tension throughout the arc of motion. Annular ligament is a “U” shaped ligament that…
Tag: Anatomy
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Shoulder Muscles Anatomy – Simplified
Proximal humerus Insertion of Rotato Cuffs Mnemonic: SIT-S a. Greater tubercle: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor b. Lesser tubercle: Subscapularis Attachment of Other muscles Anteriorly and posteriorly the muscles attach on each side of the depressions (groove and sulcus). a. Anteriorly: Insertion of 3 muscles Mnemonic: Lady between 2 Majors Crest…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Neuroanatomy Notes
This is a compilation of high yield topics on neuroanatomy with visual mnemonics and illustrations targeted for undergraduate medical students who find difficulty in conceptualizing the nervous system. Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha Key features: Covers clinically and academically important topics Schematic diagrams Visual mnemonics Useful for medical students, PG…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Parinaud Syndrome – Anatomical Basis
Synonyms: Dorsal midbrain sydnrome, Pretectal syndrome Main components of Parinaud syndrome: Vertical gaze palsy Convergence-retraction nystagmus Pupillary light-near dissociation Lid retraction (Collier’s sign) Anatomical basis of Parinaud syndrome: Site of lesion: Dorsal midbrain Close to cerebral aqueduct and pineal gland – hydrocephalus and pinealoma Arterial supply – posterior cerebral artery…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Embryology of Eye : Mnemonic
Surface ectoderm derivatives Mnemonic: LEVeL Lens Epithelium All ocular adnexa including mebomian gland and glands of Zeis and Moll Skin Cornea Conjunctiva Vitreous (portion) Lacrimal glands and drainage system Neuro-ectoderm (Optic vesicle and cup) derivatives Mnemonic: MORE Muscles of pupil (constrictor and dilator pupillae) Optic nerve Retinal pigment epithelium Epithelium…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Fetal Skull Dimensions : Mnemonic
Anteroposterior Diameters Mnemonic: Larger the alphabets, larger the diameter (V>F>B) Diameters with “sub” prefix are smaller than counterpart without it. mento-Vertical: 14 cm SUB-mento-Vertical: 11.5 cm occipito-Frontal: 11.5 cm SUB-occipito-Frontal: 10.5 cm sub-occipito-Bregmatic: 9.5 cm sub-mento-Bregmatic: 9.5 cm Transverse Diameters Mnemonic: MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) in increasing order. bi-Mastoid:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pelvic Dimensions : Mnemonics
Shapes of the female pelvis Mnemonic: GAP (In order of most common to the least common) Only pelvis with AP diameter > Transverse diameter is Anthropoid pelvis. Mnemonic: ANthrOPoid Android and Anthropoid (AN) pelvis are common causes of occipito-posterior (OP) presentation. In platypelloid pelvis (broad and flat): Sub-public angle: It…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Gastric glands and cells
Anatomically, stomach can be divided into 3 parts from above to below: Gastric pits deepen as we move below from cardiac to pyloric glands. Mucus secreting cells: Present in all 3 glands – cardiac, fundic and pyloric but predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands. Pyloric glands have 1 more cell…