Incidence the global incidence of neonatal sepsis at 5–6 per 1000 live births and that of meningitis at 0.7–1 (2.4–16 in South and South-East Asia, 6–21 in sub-Saharan Africa, and 1.8–12 in the Middle East and North Africa) Causative Agents : Group B streptococci Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae …
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Patient Decision Making Capacities – CURVES mnemonic
a. Choose and communicate Can the patient make a choice and communicate that choice? b. Understand Does the patient understand the risks, benefits, alternatives and consequences of the decision? c. Reason Can the patient provide logic or reason behind his/her decision? d. Value Is the choice the patient makes consistent…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Femoral Anteversion test (Craig’s test)
Synonym: Trochanteric prominence angle test Patient position: Prone with knee on test side flexed to 90 degrees Test procedure: Examiner palpates the greater trochanter and internally and externally rotates the hip until the greater trochanter lies at the lateral most aspect of the hip (the greater trochanter is parallel to…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Schirmer’s test
Schirmer’s test is a measurement of tear production, devised by the German ophthalmologist Otto W.A. Schirmer. Originally, Schirmer used blotting paper to collect tears elicited by one of the 3 methods of stimulating lacrimation: Inserting the strip of paper itself Irritating the nasal mucosa after the cornea had been anesthetized…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Synonyms: CRPS, Sudeck’s atrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, RSD, Causalgia Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a persistent neuropathic pain syndrome of an inappropriate intensity due to sustained sympathetic activity with the absence of impending or ongoing tissue damage. There are 2 types of CRPS: Type 1 (Sudeck’s atrophy or Reflex…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Wrist Extensor Compartments
The Extensor Zone VII (wrist) contains 6 extensor compartments comprising of 6 synovial sheath lined tunnels separated from each other by fibrous sheath. These compartments contain tendons of muscles that pass from forearm to hand. The number of tendons passinf thorugh the compartments (radial to ulnar) can be remembered using…
Case Reports
A Case of Neonatal Umbilical Infection leading to Septic Shock
Case report A Preterm neonate of 33 weeks gestation deteriorated on day 2 with septic shock and decreased urine output rapidly over 12 hours. Baby was pale and CRT was prolonged. A Workup was sent and empirical antibiotics were started. Baby needed Inotrope support and improved over next 24-48 hours….
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Drug Eruptions – When the Solution becomes Problem
Before we start to develop our understanding of the drug eruptions. Let’s first lay down the foundation by clearing some basic concepts. What is an Allergy? What is meant by an adverse drug reaction? What is the diversity of allergic reactions due to drugs? Allergy This is a hypersensitivity disorder…