Wilm’s tumor is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood. Origin: Embryonic nephrogenic (mesodermal) cells Mechanism: Deletion of WT-1 gene on chromosome 11 Pathology:…
Explore more Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma) : Quick reviewC-spine Clearance
C-spine clearance refers to a clinical decision suggesting the absence of acute bone related, ligamentous and neurologic abnormalities of the cervical spine based on history,…
Explore more C-spine ClearanceDizziness : History and Examination
HISTORY Mnemonic: 4D-3E-2Fg-2H 1. Define “Dizziness”: Room is spinning/rocking/somersaulting – Vertigo Feel like “going to faint” – Near-syncope “Going to fall” or “Unsteady on feet”…
Explore more Dizziness : History and ExaminationPulmonary Embolism : Chest X-ray Signs
1. Classic presentation is normal X-ray in patient with dyspnea and hypoxia 2. Atelectasis or parenchymal abnormality (68%) 3. Elevated hemidiaphragm 4. Pleural effusion (Felson’s…
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Well’s Criteria (Modified and Simplified) Mnemonic: CHADS (Remember, this is not the CHADS2 score for Atrial Fibrillation) Clinical features of DVT Cancer Heart rate >…
Explore more Well’s and PERC Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism : MnemonicFolstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): Mnemonic
ORARL, 5-3-5-3-9 1. Orientation: Time (5 points – 1 for each correct): What is the: (year) (season) (date) (day) (month)? Place (5 points – 1 for…
Explore more Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): MnemonicModified Duke’s Criteria for Infective Endocarditis : Mnemonic
Bacterial Endocarditis FIVE PM, i.e. BE FIVE PM Blood culture positive for IE Endocardial involvement Fever Immunologic phenomena Vascular phenomena Echocardioraphy minor criteria (eliminated) Predisposition…
Explore more Modified Duke’s Criteria for Infective Endocarditis : MnemonicHeart Sounds – Clinically Explained
Auscultation (to listen), a clinical procedure done on a daily basis as an aid in diagnosing many disorders, dates back centuries since the Egyptians. It…
Explore more Heart Sounds – Clinically Explained