Tests the function of: Posterior or Dorsal column which may be impaired in: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of spinal cord (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Posterior cord syndrome (Posterior spinal artery infarction) Hemisection of spinal cord (Brown Sequard syndrome) Pathophysiologic basis: When the patient is standing with the eyes open, visual, proprioceptive,…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Deep tendon reflexes
Deep tendon reflexes are monosynaptic reflexes integrated at lamina IX of the spinal cord. Deep tendon reflexes may be interpreted as: Normal Diminished or absent (hyporeflexia): Lower motor neuron lesions Exaggerated or clonus (hyper-reflexia): Upper motor neuron lesions Inverted or paradoxical: Damaged afferent pathway Name Spinal level Peripheral nerve Location…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Beevor’s sign
Named after: Charles Edward Beevor Definition: Upward (Cephalad) movement of the umbilicus in a supine patient attempting either to flex the head onto the chest against resistance or performing a sit-up. It is not a pathologic reflex, but a sign resulting from imbalance in muscle strength between the upper and…
Surgical Skills 
Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for CTEV
Indications Cavus, Adductus and Varus are fully corrected but ankle dorsiflexion remains <10 degrees above neutral Adequate abduction: Best sign: Ability to palpate anterior process of the calcaneus as it abducts out from beneath the talus Abduction of approximately 60 degrees Neutral or slight valgus of os calcis Technique 1….
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Heel Pain : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: HEEL PAINS 1. Heel pad syndrome 2. Enthesopathy 3. Entrapment 4. Ligaments 5. Plantar fasciitis 6. Posterior tibial tendinopathy/tenosynovitis 7. Peroneal tendinopathy/tenosynovitis 8. Arthritis 9. Impingement 10. Neuroma 11. Spurs 12. Stress fracture 13. Sinus tarsi syndrome 14. Sever’s disease 15. S1 radiculopathy Condition Description Site of heel pain…
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Medical Malpractice Statistics
Medical malpractice happens more often than you might imagine. Patients can be hurt when their healthcare providers fail to diagnose them promptly, order the wrong tests, or prescribe the wrong medications. Others may lose their lives if a doctor gives them the wrong treatment or makes a mistake during surgery. …
Blog 
10 Doctor’s Problems Not Understood by Society
1. Hectic Schedule: Lack of time for Socials Most fields in medicine are hectic as they are dealing with patient’s life or are on the cover of duties. So naturally, time for social activities is compromised. This will gradually affect the social standings and relationships unless you are a great…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pharmacology of Clindamycin : Mnemonic
Class: Lincosamide Mechanism of action: Binds 50S subunit of ribosome and inhibits translation – bacteriostatic (Remember the mnemonic: buy AT 30 & CELLS at 50) Spectrum: Gram positive and Anaerobes Mnemonic: PAST Penicillinase producing Staphylococci Anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium) Streptococci (Viridans, Pyogenes, Pneumoniae) Toxoplasma Uses: Mnemonic: PAST Peritonitis, Pelvic abscess,…