Some Mnemonics for Physical Examination

CAUSES OF­ INCREASED PIGMENTATION

S: Systemic sclerosis

H: Hemochromatosis 1*

A: Alkaptonuria

K: Kala azar

A: Arsenicosis

H: Hemochromatosis 2*

A: Addison’s

N: Nelson’s

D: Drugs

  • Amiodarone
  • Busulfan
  • Bleomycin
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenothiazine
  • Psoralen

SADDLE NOSE

S: Sarcoid, Syphilis congenital, Sponastrine dysplasia, Steward granuloma (extranodal NK/T lymphoma, EBV+), Stickler syndrome (chromos 12 mutation, short nose, & stature, submucous palatal cleft, myopisa and hearing loss, joint hypermobility)

A: Alpha L I idurinidase deficiency, Anticoagulation [Warfarin]

D: Dysplasia Otospondylo megaepiphyseal and Rhizomelic

D: Deletion 7p

L: Lowe syndrome

Et al: Wegener, Polychondritis, I cell disease, Rothmund Thomson, Cocaine abuse

LOOK at the MOUTH & remember what you can diagnose

M: Mallampati (OSA), Marfan, Macroglossia (Beckwith Wiedemann syndr.), M5 (Monocytic AML), Muir’s crackle (laryngeal crepitus), Micrognathia & Macrognathia, Miura Cooperman syndrome (retrusion of the mandible causing tongue uvula impingement)

O: Odor (bronchiectasis, lung abscess), OHL (oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV = EBV)

U: Ulcers, Uvula (Bifid: Loeyz Dietz syndrome, Pallister Hall syndrome)

T: Tongue, Tonsils, Teeth, Tardive dyskinesia, Trotter syndrome (nasopharyngeal ca with unilateral deafness, + Trigeminal nerve neuralgia)

H: Hypertrophic gums (ciclosporin, nifedipine, phenytoin, myelomonocytic leukemia, Wegener’s), HOCM (high arch palate, pes cavus, kyphoscoliosis), Heavy chain disease (Franklin g heavy chain, palatal edema), Hemorrhage (ITP, aplastic anemia), Hemorrhagic gingivitis (scurvy)

MOUTH ULCERS

  • Arthritis (Reiter syndrome), Aphthous ulcers, Appliances
  • Behcet’s disease, B12 deficiency, Burns
  • Crohn’s, Coeliac disease, Chickenpox, Cancer & Mucositis
  • Drugs: Brufen & NSAIDs, beta blockers, nicorandil, PTU, Alendronate, Cytotoxics & Diabetes
  • Erythema multiform, Epidermolysis bullosa
  • F” forget not: pemphigus vulgaris & pemphigoid, Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome)
  • GPA (Wegener), GCA, PAN, & Glucagonoma
  • Hand Foot Mouth disease, HIV
  • Iron deficiency
  • Johnson (Stevens Johnson Syndrome SJS)
  • KO: Trauma
  • Lupus, Leishmaniasis, Lichen planus, Linear IgA disease (cluster of jewels, string of pearls)


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