Some Mnemonics for Physical Examination

CAUSES OF­ INCREASED PIGMENTATION

S: Systemic sclerosis

H: Hemochromatosis 1*

A: Alkaptonuria

K: Kala azar

A: Arsenicosis

H: Hemochromatosis 2*

A: Addison’s

N: Nelson’s

D: Drugs

• Amiodarone
• Busulfan
• Bleomycin
• Phenytoin
• Phenothiazine
• Psoralen

SADDLE NOSE

S: Sarcoid, Syphilis congenital, Sponastrine dysplasia, Steward granuloma (extranodal NK/T lymphoma, EBV+), Stickler syndrome (chromos 12 mutation, short nose, & stature, submucous palatal cleft, myopisa and hearing loss, joint hypermobility)

A: Alpha L I idurinidase deficiency, Anticoagulation [Warfarin]

D: Dysplasia Otospondylo megaepiphyseal and Rhizomelic

D: Deletion 7p

L: Lowe syndrome

Et al: Wegener, Polychondritis, I cell disease, Rothmund Thomson, Cocaine abuse

LOOK at the MOUTH & remember what you can diagnose

M: Mallampati (OSA), Marfan, Macroglossia (Beckwith Wiedemann syndr.), M5 (Monocytic AML), Muir’s crackle (laryngeal crepitus), Micrognathia & Macrognathia, Miura Cooperman syndrome (retrusion of the mandible causing tongue uvula impingement)

O: Odor (bronchiectasis, lung abscess), OHL (oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV = EBV)

U: Ulcers, Uvula (Bifid: Loeyz Dietz syndrome, Pallister Hall syndrome)

T: Tongue, Tonsils, Teeth, Tardive dyskinesia, Trotter syndrome (nasopharyngeal ca with unilateral deafness, + Trigeminal nerve neuralgia)

H: Hypertrophic gums (ciclosporin, nifedipine, phenytoin, myelomonocytic leukemia, Wegener’s), HOCM (high arch palate, pes cavus, kyphoscoliosis), Heavy chain disease (Franklin g heavy chain, palatal edema), Hemorrhage (ITP, aplastic anemia), Hemorrhagic gingivitis (scurvy)

MOUTH ULCERS

• Arthritis (Reiter syndrome), Aphthous ulcers, Appliances
• Behcet’s disease, B₁₂ deficiency, Burns
• Crohn’s, Coeliac disease, Chickenpox, Cancer & Mucositis
• Drugs: Brufen & NSAIDs, beta blockers, nicorandil, PTU, Alendronate, Cytotoxics & Diabetes
• Erythema multiform, Epidermolysis bullosa
• F” forget not: pemphigus vulgaris & pemphigoid, Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome)
• GPA (Wegener), GCA, PAN, & Glucagonoma
• Hand Foot Mouth disease, HIV
• Iron deficiency
• Johnson (Stevens Johnson Syndrome SJS)
• KO: Trauma
• Lupus, Leishmaniasis, Lichen planus, Linear IgA disease (cluster of jewels, string of pearls)

Dr. Henrique Durão

MBChB (O’Porto Univ.), Dip HIV Man (CMSA), DTM&H (Wits), DipPEC (CMSA), Dip Internal Medicine
(CMSA), M. Med. Clinical Pharm [Cum Laude] (Univ. Pretoria), FCP (CMSA). Hard worker, Reliable, Team player, Family man.