Mnemonic: HALD
Mnemonic: BOHR
Principle of Germ Layer Segmentation Ectoderm gives further rise to neuroectoderm and neural crest cells. Endoderm remains intact. Mesoderm gives further rise to paraxial mesoderm (somitomeres and 35 pairs of somites), intermediate mesoderm, and lateral mesoderm: General Rule for Germ Layer Derivatives Ectodermal derivatives: 1. Everything that makes you attractive: Skin, hair,…
TNM stage Duke’s stage Description 5 yr survival Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy 0 – Tis, N0, M0 Limited to mucosa >95% Local excision/polypectomy → Surveillance No No Mnemonic I – T1-2, N0, M0 A A-Ok limited to bowel wall only 90% Wide surgical resection + Anastomosis No No II – T3-4,…
Boundaries Foramina Mnemonic: IJHM (International Journal of Hospitality Management) from lateral to medial 1. Internal acoustic meatus (IAM) 2. Jugular foramen Mnemonic: IPS 9, 10, 11IPS + SS = IJV 3. Hypoglossal canal 4. foramen Magnum Contents Clinical consideration Pediatric posterior fossa tumors: Cerebellar tonsil herniation: Herniation of pons and…