Tendon transfer is the use of the power of a functioning muscle unit to activate a non-functioning nerve/muscle/tendon unit. The transferred tendon remains attached to its parent muscle with an intact neurovascular pedicle. Mnemonic: SEACOAST-1 a. Synergistic: act together to produce a single composite movement (facilitate each other). e.g. b….
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tourniquet Paralysis Syndrome
Synonym: Pressure paralysis Mechanism: Direct extrinsic pressure (displacement of ranvier node) or axonal hypoxia on the nerves beneath the tourniquet and are related to the cuff pressure and duration of application.\ It is different from post tourniquet syndrome which caused due to combined effect of muscle ischemia, edema and microvascular…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blood Supply of Humeral Head
Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (AHCA) Origin: Axillary artery Course: Along the inferior border of subscapularis Gives anterolateral ascending branch which courses along lateral aspect of bicipital groove entering the humeral head and becoming arcuate artery Continues posterolaterally to anastomose with Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA) Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cluster of Differentiation (CD Markers) Mnemonics
“CD” in immunology stands for Cluster of Differentiation and includes cell surface markers that can be detected by lab technique called flow cytometry. Well, we will just focus on the ones you need to remember at undergraduate level. If you wish to go into further details, there are plenty of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Paraplegia in Extension and Flexion
Paraplegia in extension and paraplegia in flexion occur only after the spinal shock has ceased. Paraplegia in extension indicates an increase in the extensor muscle tone owing to the overactivity of gamma efferent nerve fibers to muscle spindles as the result of the release of these neurons from the higher…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tinel Sign
Synonyms: Hoffman-Tinel test, Tinel’s sign, Nerve percussion test Definition: “pins and needle feeling” elicited by tapping on a nerve proximally, with resulting paresthesia experienced in the corresponding distal cutaneous distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Eliciting tinel sign: With gentle percussion by a finger or percussion hammer along the course of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Diabetic Foot Management : Mnemonic Approach
Definition of Diabetic foot According to the WHO and International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF), diabetic foot is defined as the foot of diabetic patients with ulceration, infection and/or destruction of the deep tissues, associated with neuropathy and/or peripheral artery disease in the lower extremity of a person…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Maximum Normal ESR and CRP for age and gender
Age and gender plays should be taken into account when interpreting the values of ESR and CRP. The maximum ESR value is limited by the length of the Westergren tube (usually 120 mm), but the CRP has no upper limit. Miller formulae for calculating maximum normal ESR in Adults ESR…