Inferior Venacava (IVC) Tributaries Mnemonic: I Like To Rise So Incredibly High 1. common Iliac veins (L5) – Origin or Formation 2. Lumbar veins (L1-L5) 3. Testicular/gonadal veins – right (L2) 4. Renal veins (L1) 5. Suprarenal veins – right (L1) 6. Inferior phrenic veins (T8) 7. Hepatic veins (T8)…
Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics
He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Facial Nerve : Mnemonics
Course Origin: Ponto-medullary junction (Nucleus solitarius, Facial nucleus and Superior salivatory nucleus) Internal acoustic meatus: 7 up, Coke down Facial canal: After exiting skull from stylomastoid foramen: Further reading: Facial nerve lesions 1. Supranuclear lesion: Contralateral lower 1/2 face paralyzed; forehead wrinkling spared (Bilateral cortical innervation) 2. Infranuclear lesion: Entire…
Surgical Skills 
Biomechanics in MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis)
1. Provides optimal environment for fracture healing: 2. Relative stability of fracture: 3. Acts as internal fixator: 4. Plate length and Number of screws in Bridge plate function: 5. Plate working length: References:
Blog 
MRCS Part A : Experience
Exam and Results Exam date: September 12, 2023 Result date: October 5, 2023 Attempt: First Background: Recently passed PG in Orthopedics and Trauma from Nepal Maximum possible score overall: 299 (1 question was cancelled) Overall score required to pass: 200 (66.8%) Score obtained: 250 (83.6%) Application Preparation Preparation time: 3…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Statistics – High Yield (Cheat Sheet)
Normal distribution Non-normal distribution a. Positive skew: Longer or fatter tail on right b. Negative skew: Longer or fatter tail on left 2X2 tables Disease present Disease absent Test positive TP FP Test negative FN TN Event Non-event Exposed or Treatment a b Non-exposed or Placebo c d Formulae Incidence…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Electrosurgery Notes
Terminologies Electrosurgery modalities Modality Electrode configuration Waveform Indications Remarks DC Electrocautery Patients with ICDs and pacemakers No current passes through patient (direct heat transference to tissue) AC Unaltered sine wave a. High voltage, Low ampere Can be tolerated in patients with pacemakers at low dosage Electrodessication Monoterminal Markedly damped Superficial…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Orthopedic Examination Made Easy
Orthopedic examination is a fundamental aspect of assessing musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, and disorders. This comprehensive guide aims to provide healthcare professionals, students, and practitioners with a thorough understanding of the principles, techniques, and best practices involved in conducting orthopedic examinations. By examining the mechanics behind the tests, readers will gain…
Emergency Medicine 
Circumferential Periosteal Block (CPB)
Use: Alternative to hematoma block in reduction of distal radius and ulna fractures Advantage: Providing distance from the fracture hematoma (no theoretical risk of converting closed fracture into open fracture) Disadvantage: Risk of neurovascular injury on volar surface of forearm Local anesthetic and volume: 10–15 ml of 1 % plain lidocaine…