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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics

He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music.
Blog asystole defibrillation

Why to not defibrillate Asystole ?

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jun 25, 2016Jun 25, 2016

What is asystole? Asystole is a state of no cardiac electrical activity. It is seen as a “flat-line” in ECG monitor. However, other possible causes of flat-line should be ruled out before calling it asystole. They are: Loose or disconnected ECG leads Loss of power to ECG monitor Once, asystole…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS amino acid structure

Amino Acids Mnemonics

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jun 22, 2016Aug 12, 2018

What are amino acids ? Amino acids are molecules containing: An amine group A carboxylic acid group A side chain that varies between different amino acids Assign the names of these amino acids to 20 different alphabets The technique that you are going to use to remember all these are given…

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Case Reports eclamptic fits

Postpartum Eclampsia : Case Discussion

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jun 8, 2016Jun 12, 2016

History 23yrs/F non-diabetic, non-hypertensive, non-smoker, non-alcoholic primigravida was admitted to Obstetric ward on with the chief complaints of: Cessation of menstruation X 9 months Decreased fetal movement X 6 hours LMP 2072/04/12 EDD 2073/01/19 GA 41 WOG Examination

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS complement protective mechanism

Complement Pathway – Explained

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jun 5, 2016Dec 8, 2022

The complement system is composed of about 20 different proteins released into the blood after production in the liver. They interact in coordinated and regulated way to produce biologically active protein products. ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT CASCADE The complement cascade can be activated in 3 ways: C3 and C3 CONVERTASE All of…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches BPH symptoms

Mnemonic based approach to grading and planning treatment for BPH

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Feb 26, 2016Jun 18, 2016

MNEMONIC: FUNWISE During the last 1 month, how often/many times you had to – 1. Frequency: Urinate again <2 hours after you finished urinating ? 2. Urgency: Difficulty in postponing the urine ? 3. Nocturia: Get up to urinate from bedtime to wakeup ? 4. Weak stream: Weak urinary stream…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Urea Cycle and Defects with Mnemonics

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jan 30, 2016Aug 11, 2018

Mnemonic for Urea Cycle Intermediates Orange Cola, Coffee, Alcohol of Argentina For Aggressive Urine Orange: Ornithine Cola: Carbamoyl Phosphate Coffee: Citrulline Alcohol: Aspartate (enters cycle) Argentina: Arginosuccinate For: Fumarate (leaves cycle) Aggressive: Arginine Urine: Urea (leaves cycle) Structure of Urea NH2-CO-NH2 (1 amide from aspartate and 1 from ammonia) Amide…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS mitochondria glucose catabolism

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation : Mnemonic

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jan 30, 2016Nov 14, 2017

General concepts of ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation: 1. Occurs in cell cytosol: Glycolysis 2. Occurs in mytochondrial matrix: Kreb’s (TCA) cycle 3. Occurs in mitochondrial inner membrane: ETC – Stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that activates proton pump which transports proton from the mitochondrial matrix to mitochondrial inter-membrane and…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: Mnemonics

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, Jan 27, 2016Oct 28, 2024

It is not necessary to memorize each and every step of the process. We will only look into the major events. A. Meaning: Glyco (Sugar) + Lysis (Breaking or splitting) B. Synonyms: Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (EM Pathway) C. Site: Cytoplasm D. Enzyme basics: Kinase: Adds or removes phosphate from substrate (uses…

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