Origin: Dorsal venous network The 1st 2 letters of the word “biceps” that being the muscle with which the vein is in relation, will give a mnemonic aid to retain the relative position of the basilic and cephalic veins. (B.I., Basilic Internal) Basilic vein courses medially Cephalic vein course laterally…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Chronic Lead Poisoning : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: ABCDEFGH Anemia: Results from ALA dehydrogenase inhibition Also causes RBC membranes to be permeable to K+ and decrease Na+/K+ ATPase leading to hemolysis Basophilic stippling Burtonian lines: Gum “lead lines” develop in 2-50% Results from subepithelial deposit of lead sulfide granules on gingival margins Colic: Spasmodic pain involving smooth…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Ulnar nerve Anatomy – Course and Innervation
Origin: C(7), C8, T1 (medial cord of Brachial plexus) Course: Motor innervation: 1. Forearm: Flexor carpi ulnaris (weakness of ulnar deviation and flexion of wrist), Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (branches near the elbow) 2. Hand: branches near wrist Sensory innervation: Palmar branch at forearm and Digital branch at wrist…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Median nerve Anatomy : Course and Innervation
Origin C5-T1 (lateral and medial cords of Brachial plexus) Course Motor innervation Muscles supplied: 2 lateral lumbricals, 3 thenars, 3Ps (2 pronator and 1 palmaris) and 4 flexors. Sensory innervation Clinical correlation 1. Martin-Gruber motor connection: occur in 17% of individuals between median and ulnar nerves resulting in variable innervations…
Emergency Medicine
ATLS 80/70/60 Rule for Palpable Blood pressure
ATLS’ 80/70/60 rule On the basis of location of pulse palpable, minimum systolic blood pressure can be predicted as follows: Radial/Dorsalis pedis/Popliteal pulse: >80 mmHg Femoral pulse: >70 mmHg Carotid pulse: >60 mmHg Overestimation of SBP by Pulses Pulse characteristics are an unreliable sign and “should be used only as…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Koilonychia
Synonyms: Spoon-shaped nails, Concave nails Definition of koilonychia: Loss of longitudinal and lateral convexity of the nail, with thinning and fraying of the distal portions. Conditions associated with koilonychia: Normal variant Soft nails with occupational damage Iron deficiency anemia Hemochromatosis Raynaud’s syndrome Psoriasis (Koilonychia with subungual keratosis) Mechanism of koilonychia in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Dental eruption : Mnemonic
Primary teeth begin eruption at around 6 months and Permanent teeth at around 6 years. In general, lower tooth erupts before it’s upper counterpart with few exceptions (lower before upper rule). Age of 6-12 years is a period of mixed dentition (eruption of permanent 1st molar to eruption of 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Neurovascular Relations in Anatomy
Porta hepatis Mnemonic: DAVE From anterior to posterior: Ducts (right and left hepatic duct branches) Arteries (right and left hepatic artery branches) Vein (portal vein) Epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) Femoral triangle or Scarpa’s triangle Mnemonic: NAVEL From lateral to medial Nerve (femoral nerve and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve)…