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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

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Emergency Medicine DKA

DKA : Mnemonic Approach and Clinical Aspects

Epomedicine, Aug 5, 2019Aug 7, 2020

Diagnostic criteria for DKA a. Plasma glucose (mg/dl): >250 b. Arterial pH: 7.25 to 7.3: mild DKA 7 to 7.24: moderate DKA <7: severe DKA c. Serum bicarbonate (mEq/L): 15 to 18: mild DKA 10 to 15: moderate DKA <10: severe DKA d. Urine and serum ketones (nitroprusside reaction): Positive…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches sodium

Hyponatremia Correction: Rules and Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Aug 4, 2019Jun 16, 2023

Corrected sodium level When hyperglycemia is present, the underlying sodium concentration (corrected sodium concentration) can be estimated by adding 1.6-2.4 mEq/L (average of 2 mEq/L) to the reported sodium concentration for every 100 mg/dl increase in plasma glucose above 100 mg/dl. E.g. In a patient with Na+ level, 145 and…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches renal angle tenderness

Costovertebral or Renal angle tenderness

Epomedicine, Jul 26, 2019Jul 26, 2019

Synonyms: Murphy’s kidney punch, CVA tenderness (CVAT) Anatomy of Costovertebral angle or Renal angle: Costovertebral angle is formed by the junction of the 12th, or lowermost, rib with the paravertebral muscles, which run parallel to and on both sides of the vertebral column. Eliciting costovertebral angle tenderness: Position of patient:…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS somogyi dawn waning effect

Somogyi effect and Dawn Phenomenon – Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Jul 25, 2019Jul 25, 2019

Both Somogyi effect and Dawn phenomenon are the cause of MORNING FASTING HYPERGLYCEMIA. Mnemonic: Somogyi = So Much InsulinDawn = Down Insulin a. Somogyi effect: Excess exogenous insulin → Middle night hypoglycemia → Release of counter-regulatory hormones → Rebound morning hyperglycemia b. Dawn effect: Normal release of morning hormones (growth…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS ORS resomal

ORS and ReSoMal – Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Jun 11, 2019Jun 11, 2019

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) Grams per litre: SoDIum C-hloride: 2.6 gm SoDIum Ci-Trate: 2.9 gm Potassium chloride: 1.5 gm Glucose anhydrous: 13.5 gm Mnemonic: DI = 2 and C = 6Ci-Trate = Rotate 6, i.e. 9For Potassium chloride: Deduct 1 from the whole number and decimal both, i.e. (2-1).(6-1) =…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS ddh lines angles

Lines and Angles in Orthopedics

Epomedicine, Jun 9, 2019Jun 9, 2019

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Southwick’s angle: Epiphyseal-shaft angle on lateral radiograph <30 degrees: mild 30-60 degrees: moderate >60 degrees: severe Klein’s line: Line drawn along superior border of femoral neck (AP x-ray) In SCFE: will intersect less of the femoral head or not at all Developmental Dysplasia of Hip…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS fetus

Non-invasive Prenatal Screening

Epomedicine, Jun 8, 2019Mar 11, 2021

Quick review/Mnemonic: PAPP-A is decreased in all trisomies.Nuchal translucency is increased in all trisomies. Inhibin A is only increased in Down’s syndrome.Beta-HCG is increased in Down’s syndrome. All triple test results decreased in Edward syndrome. Only AFP is increased in NTDs and abdominal wall defects. Acetylcholinesterase level increased in Amniotic…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS osteochondritis

List of Osteochondritis of Different Bones

Epomedicine, Jun 8, 2019Jun 8, 2019

Osteochondritis of the capitulum of humerus (elbow): panner’s disease Osteochondritis of the lunate bone: keinbock’s disease Osteochondritis of the femoral head: perthe’s disease Osteochondritis of lateral part of medial femoral condyle: osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis of the tibial tubercle: osgood schlatter’s disease Osteochondritis of lower part of patella: sinding larsen johansson…

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