Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. The order Diptera is a large order of insects that are commonly known as true flies. Myiasis may be classified clinically into: Wound myiasis occurs when fly larvae infest open wounds of a mammalian host….
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Opioid Adverse Effects – Mnemonic
Mnemonic: MORPHINES 1. Miosis Mechanism: Stimulation of Edinger-Westphal nucleus of Cranial nerve III 2. Orthostatic hypotension Mechanism: Vasodilation due to – Direct action decreasing tone of blood vessels Histamine release Depression of vasomotor center 3. Respiratory depression Mechanism: Inhibits respiratory center in a dose-dependent manner (neurogenic, hypercapneic and hypoxic drives…
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Diagnosis of Spinal Instability (White & Panjabi) : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: Remember 4 D common to all + 3 D for C-spine and 1 D for L-spine Diagnosis requires: Score >4 Denis column disruption: Anterior column destroyed or unable to function (2 points) Posterior column destroyed or unable to function (2 points) Deformity: Will have a maximum score of 4…
Case Reports
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Ectrodactyly or Lobster-claw syndrome : A Case Report
Ectrodactyly is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia presenting as bilateral congenital malformed hands and feet [1]. It affects about 1 in 90,000 births with males and females equally as likely to be affected. It is characterized by transverse terminal aphalangia or partial to total absence of the distal segments of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Scheurmann’s Disease : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: Remember “S” for Scheurmann Structural kyphosis (sagittal deformity) of thoracic or thoracolumbar spine Skeletally immature sons (0.4-10% of adolescents between 10-14 years; onset with prepubertal growth spurt; M:F = 2-7:1) Strong hereditary (genetic) predisposition and Several theories: Scheurmann’s vertebral epiphyseal disturbance theory Schmorl’s nodes (herniation of disc material into…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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FDA Pregnancy Drug Risk Categories : Mnemonic
We have simplified the information above as following: Category A: Adequate Anthropoid (Human) studies and Absolutely safe (No risk in controlled human studies) Category B: Bounded (limited) human studies and safe in Beast (animal) studies; Better to use (No risk in other studies) Category C: Catastrophic effects in animals and…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
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Splenomegaly : Examination techniques and Clinical Approach
ANATOMY OF SPLEEN Histologically: FUNCTIONS OF SPLEEN Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ organ and serves following functions – An increase in these normal functions may result in splenomegaly EXAMINATION OF SPLEEN 1. Palpation: If history suggest splenomegaly but is not palpable: Roll the patient on to the right lateral…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
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Elbow Anastomoses : Mnemonic
First things first. It is essential to understand the meaning of collateral and recurrent arteries. Recurrent arteries turn back so as to reverse direction. Collateral arteries refer to side branches of the major arteries. Mnemonic: M.R. Deep On the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus: Profunda brachii (Deep…