Micturition (Urination) is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. It is a type of…
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A Child with Fever, Diarrhea, AKI, Hematuria, Altered senosrium and Anemia
Case Scenario A 3 year boy form Western region presented at Emergency Room in a state of altered sensorium. The child was well 5 days…
Explore more A Child with Fever, Diarrhea, AKI, Hematuria, Altered senosrium and AnemiaHyponatremia : SIADH vs Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome
SIADH causes Mnemonic: SIADH Surgery Intracranial – Infection, Head injury, CVA Alveolar – Carcinoma, Pus Drugs – Opiates, Antiepileptics, Cytotoxics, Anti-psychotics Hormonal – Hypothyroid, Low…
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Corrected sodium level When hyperglycemia is present, the underlying sodium concentration (corrected sodium concentration) can be estimated by adding 1.6-2.4 mEq/L (average of 2 mEq/L)…
Explore more Hyponatremia Correction: Rules and MnemonicsCostovertebral or Renal angle tenderness
Synonyms: Murphy’s kidney punch, CVA tenderness (CVAT) Anatomy of Costovertebral angle or Renal angle: Costovertebral angle is formed by the junction of the 12th, or…
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The order of the nephron defects in Bartter, Gitelmann and Liddle syndrome follows alphabetical order. Bartter: Thick ascending LOHGitelmann: Distal tubuleLiddle: Collecting duct a. Bartter…
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Wilm’s tumor is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood. Origin: Embryonic nephrogenic (mesodermal) cells Mechanism: Deletion of WT-1 gene on chromosome 11 Pathology:…
Explore more Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma) : Quick reviewMost Important Urinary Buffer: Phosphate or Ammonia?
There are multiple choice questions (mcq) which asks: What is the most important urinary buffer? And the choices include both the phosphate and ammonia. Different…
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