Under resting conditions, red blood cells move through the pulmonary capillary bed in approximately 0.75 seconds (transit time), although equilibration of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in about 0.25 seconds. In a diffusion limited gas exchange situation, the alveolar gas is still equilibrating with… Read More
0-10 minutes (Possibility of Success): Anticipating difficult airway Mnemonic: LEMON approach 1. Look externally: Remember “BONES” Beard Obesity No teeth Elderly Sleep apnea/Snoring 2. Evaluate 3-3-2 rule: Ideal dimensions for visualization of larynx 3 fingers in mouth: adequate mouth opening 3 fingers under the chin… Read More
New Criteria for HRS 1. Cirrhosis with ascites 2. Serum creatinine >1.5mg/dl 3. No sustained improvement in renal function after 2 days of diuretic withdrawl (if on diuretics) and volume expansion with albumin infusion at 1 gm/kg/day upto a maximum of 100 gm/day. 4. No… Read More
Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands. Mu (µ) Receptor (MOP) Mnemonic: MU CARDS Miosis eUphoria Constipation Analgesia (Supraspinal + Spinal) Respiratory depression Rigidity (truncal) Dependency Sedation µ1 mediates supraspinal analgesia, and most of other effects including spinal… Read More
Brachial plexus is sub-divided from proximal to distal into: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches. This can be easily remembered with a mnemonic: Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer. Approaches for Brachial Plexus Block Basically, there are 4 approaches to the brachial plexus block at different levels… Read More
