Synonyms: Acute pericarditis, Viral pericarditis, Infectious pericarditis Definition: Diffuse inflammation of the pericardial lining surrounding the heart and characterized by sharp pleuritic, retrosternal chest pain worsened with recumbency and relieved by leaning forwards. Causes of Pericarditis: a. Infectious: Viral: Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, Influenza, HIV,… Read More
Synonyms: Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD), Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD), Smoker’s lung Definition: COPD is a lung disease characterized by airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70%) that is not fully reversible (FEV1 increase of 200 ml and 12% improvement above… Read More
Definition: Acute dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac which usually occurs in very young children or > 40 years Microbiology of Acute Dacryocystitis: Congenital: Hemophilus influenzae (acute – rare), Others (chronic) Adults: Acute: Staphylococcus aureus, Beta-hemolytic streptococci Chronic: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans Etiology… Read More
This is a case of nodular episcleritis. Definition of Episcleritis: Episcleritis is defined as the benign recurrent inflammation of episclera and tenon’s capsule. Types of Episcleritis: Diffuse episcleritis Nodular episcleritis Epidemiology: Common in females compared to males Common in young adults Etiology: Non-specific immune response to… Read More
Definition: Accumulation of blood in the Anterior Chamber (AC). Causes: a. Post-traumatic: Trauma or surgery b. Spontaneous: Neovascularization Ocular neoplasms Vascular and clotting anomalies (leukemia, hemophilia, aspirin) Grading for Traumatic Hyphema: 0 : No layered blood, circulating RBCs only (Microhyphema) 1: Layered blood filling <… Read More
