Remember the sequence: Zahir Is A Hungry Man Z line (Zwischen = between [German]) I band A band H zone M line Z is the final alphabet: Z lines represents the end of sarcomere M for middle: M line represents the midline of sarcomere I is a thin letter: I…
Tag: Physiology
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Orexigenic and Anti-orexigenic peptides : Mnemonic
Orexigenic (Appetite stimulant) peptides Mnemonic: When you see MANGOEs, you feel like eating. MCH (Melanocyte Conentrating Hormone) AGRP (Agouti Related Peptide) NPY (Neuropeptide Y), Noradrenaline GnRH, GABA, Galanin, Ghrelin Orexins A and B Endorphins, Endocannabinoids Anti-orexigenic (Appetite supressant) peptides Mnemonic: NO BLACk PIGS Neurotensin Oxytocin, Oxyntomodulin Bombesin Leptin Alpha-MSH (POMC derivative), Amylin,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mechanoreceptors : Mnemonic
Adaptation of Mechanoreceptors Mnemonic: Life is fast for MPs (Member of Parliament) and slow for MRs. In alphabetical order, meIssner’s come becore meRkel. Hence, Meissner’s corpuscle are the quicker among two. 1. Fast adapting receptors: MP Meissner’s corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle 2. Slowly adapting receptors: MR Merkel disc Ruffini corpuscle/ending Location of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Basics : Explained with Mnemonics
Adrenal cortex synthesize steroids. Mnemonic: GFR – Salt, Sugar, Sex Zona gomerulosa: Salt (Aldosterone) Zona fasciculata: Sugar (Cortisol) Zona reticulosa: Sex (Testosterone) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Deficiency of 3 different enzymes can cause Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Mnemonic: Remember the mnemonic GFR, first layer of cortex synthesizes aldosterone and the last layer…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Signaling Pathways of Hormones : Mnemonic
cAMP Mechanism Mnemonic: FLAT CAMP B-HCGS Remember “B-FLAT” mnemonic for hormones secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary. This is the same “FLAT” here. Also CAMP matches cAMP. Beta-HCG works by cAMP mechanism. All 2 except Beta 1 and 5-HT1 So, this is an easy mnemonic to remember. FSH…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Fatty acid chain length and GI absorption site : Mnemonics
Major fat absorption takes place in upper small intestine (mainly jejunum and duodenum) except short chain fatty acids which is abosrbed in colon. MCT (Medium-Chain Triglyceride) – 10 to 12 Carbons long May Cross Through enterocytes and pass directly into the “Portal” circulation LCT (Long-Chain Triglyceride) – > 12 Carbons long…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Gastric glands and cells
Anatomically, stomach can be divided into 3 parts from above to below: Gastric pits deepen as we move below from cardiac to pyloric glands. Mucus secreting cells: Present in all 3 glands – cardiac, fundic and pyloric but predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands. Pyloric glands have 1 more cell…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Physiology of Conducting System of Heart
Origin and Spread of Cardiac Impulse Mnemonic: SAIL MRS. SAVE APPS 1. SA node (generates impulse at highest rate, i.e. 70-80/min) 3 Internodal pathways: 2. AV node Bundle of His 3. Interventricular septum – Left 4. Midportion Right Septal activation Purkinje System 5. Septum (upper to lower) – purkinje system…