The feet contain 28 bones, 30 joints, and more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. In other words, there is a tremendous amount of things that can go wrong! Painful feet can be an indication of various issues, depending on the type of pain. If you are experiencing sharp pain…
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
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Different Spinal Injuries
Most people would agree having a back injury can be one of the most painful injuries any human could have. Spinal injuries can not only be extremely painful, but also very difficult to fix. There are many variations of spinal injuries as well as many different cures and remedies, for…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Radial Tunnel Syndrome (RTS) – Anatomy and Clinical Examination
Synonyms: Radial pronator syndrome, Treatment resistant lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) Anatomy of Radial Tunnel The anatomic radial tunnel (~5 cm) extends from the radial head to the inferior border of the supinator muscle. Mnemonic: FREAS Fibrous bands anterior to radiocapitellar joint Radial recurrent vessels (leash of Henry) ECRB medial edge…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Femoral Anteversion test (Craig’s test)
Synonym: Trochanteric prominence angle test Patient position: Prone with knee on test side flexed to 90 degrees Test procedure: Examiner palpates the greater trochanter and internally and externally rotates the hip until the greater trochanter lies at the lateral most aspect of the hip (the greater trochanter is parallel to…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Synonyms: CRPS, Sudeck’s atrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, RSD, Causalgia Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a persistent neuropathic pain syndrome of an inappropriate intensity due to sustained sympathetic activity with the absence of impending or ongoing tissue damage. There are 2 types of CRPS: Type 1 (Sudeck’s atrophy or Reflex…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Wrist Extensor Compartments
The Extensor Zone VII (wrist) contains 6 extensor compartments comprising of 6 synovial sheath lined tunnels separated from each other by fibrous sheath. These compartments contain tendons of muscles that pass from forearm to hand. The number of tendons passinf thorugh the compartments (radial to ulnar) can be remembered using…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Fascia Lata and Tensor Fascia Lata
Fascia lata and Tensor fascia lata althought different structures is often mistaken as the same by the students. Fascia Lata It is the fascial ‘stocking’ deep to the skin and superficial fascial and encloses the muscle of thigh. Proximally, its attachment can be traced around the pelvis and distally, it…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Modified Ficat-Arlet Staging for AVN hip : Mnemonic
Ficat and Arlet first classified avascular necrosis of femoral head (AVN) in 1964 before the advent of MRI which was later modified and published in 1985 to include pre-radiographic stages relying on invasive testing procedures. The classification system later underwent further modifications that include MRI findings, patient symptoms and modifies…