Ficat and Arlet first classified avascular necrosis of femoral head (AVN) in 1964 before the advent of MRI which was later modified and published in 1985 to include pre-radiographic stages relying on invasive testing procedures. The classification system later underwent further modifications that include MRI findings, patient symptoms and modifies…
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blood Supply of Talus
3 Main Arteries Extraosseous and intraosseous anastomoses formed by 3 main arteries: Posterior tibial artery ~ 17% contribution Anterior tibial (dorsalis pedis) artery ~ 36% contribution Perforating peroneal artery ~ 47% contribution Major Branches Tarsal sinus artery: Arises from – Dorsalis pedis artery (frequently) or Lateral tarsal artery (branch of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blumensaat line
Synonym: Intercondylar line, Blumensaat’s line Definition of Blumnesaat line It is the tangent drawn along the roof of intercondylar notch or fossa of the distal femur on the saggital or lateral view. Morphologic variations of Blumensaat line (Iriuchishima’s classification) Straight type (35%): appear more or less straight Small hill type…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Carpal bones – Mnemonic
There are certain well-known sentences used as a mnemonic to remember the names and arrangement of the 8 carpal bones in 2 rows. She Looks Too Pretty, Try To Catch Her Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle So using this mnemonic, we will learn the arrangement of the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blood supply of femoral head
Three sources of Blood supply Vascular arragement of Proximal Femur a. Extracapsular ring (At the base of femoral neck) These circumflex femoral arteries branch from: Trochanteric anastomosis (centered on trochanteric fossa): Descending branch of SGA + ascending branch of LFCA, MFCA and IGA Cruciate anastomosis (centered on lesser trochanter): Descending…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Definitions, Criteria and Classifications in Osteomyelitis
Morrey and Peterson’s Definition of Osteomyelitis Definite osteomyelitis: Positive bone or adjacent soft tissue culture or histologic evidence Probable osteomyelitis: Positive blood culture + Clinical & radiological evidence of osteomyelitis Likely osteomyelitis: Typical clinical and radiographic features of osteomyelitis responding to antibiotic therapy (in absence of positive culture) Peltola and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Column Concept of Acetabulum
2 Column Concept or Principle of Acetabulum (Letournel and Judet) According to this concept, “C” shaped acetabular structure is contained between the limbs of lamda [λ] or inverted “y”. The longer limb represents anterior column and the shorter limb represents the posterior column. The anterior and posterior walls are extensions…
Emergency Medicine 
Open Pelvic fractures – Classification
General principles and classification of open fractures have been discussed earlier. The Gustillo-Anderson classification commonly used for the long bone fractures might not be suitable for open pelvic fractures. Jones-Powell classification It is based on the mechanical stability of the pelvic ring and the potential contamination of the open wound….