60 year old smoker patient came with epigastric pain and shortness of breath for 4 hours. The patient was tachypneic with SpO2 90%. Other vital signs were relatively stable. ECG was done, Troponin I was positive and CK-MB was 100 IU/l. What is there in ECG above? ST elevation and…
Tag: Internal medicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Fever and Rash : Mnemonic Based Approach
Seven Killer Causes of Fever and Rash Mnemonic: SMARTTT Sepsis Meningococcemia Acute endocarditis Rocky mountain spotted fever Toxic erythemas Toxic epidermal necrolysis Travel-related infections Onset of Rash with “X” Days of Fever Mnemonic: Very Sick Person Must Take Double Eggs Varicella (Chicken pox): 1st day (rash is often 1st sign…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Aplastic Anemia : Review notes
Definition Failure of bone marrow to produce peripheral blood cells and its progenitors Etiology The following illustration gives a brief idea about the etiological factors of aplastic anemia Now going into each etiological factor: – Autoimmune diseases: – Either they affect all the lineages (autoimmune aplastic anemia) or a single…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) – Quick revision
New Criteria for HRS 1. Cirrhosis with ascites 2. Serum creatinine >1.5mg/dl 3. No sustained improvement in renal function after 2 days of diuretic withdrawl (if on diuretics) and volume expansion with albumin infusion at 1 gm/kg/day upto a maximum of 100 gm/day. 4. No evidence of shock 5. No…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) – Mnemonic
ASBURY CRITERIA FOR GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS) Required Criteria Mnemonic: AIDP 1. Areflexia 2. Include in differential and rule out other causes 3. Duration < 4 weeks 4. Progressive weakness of 2 or more limbs due to neuropathy Supportive criteria Mnemonic: AIDPS 1. Afebrile 2. Involvement: Mild sensory involvement Facial…
Emergency Medicine 
Severe Malaria : Quick revision
Criteria for Severe and Complicated Malaria Positive peripheral blood smear for P.falciparum + ≥1 of the CHAPLINS (Mnemonic) Convulsions: >2 in 24 hour Cerebral edema (Consciousness impaired) Hypoglycemia (glucose <40 mg/dl) Hemorrhage (DIC) Hemoglobinuria (Black water fever) Anemia (hemoglobin <5 gm/dl or PCV <15% in children; hemoglobin <7 gm/dl or…
Emergency Medicine 
Short Approach to SVT and AVNRT management
This is an ECG from a patient who came with a complaint of palpitation: Analyze the ECG: Rhythm: Regular Heart rate: Around 170/min QRS: Around 0.08 s i.e. ≤0.1 s (narrow QRS complex) ECG diagnosis: Regular Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Now, look for P waves – There are no P waves In…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Bedside Cold Agglutinin Test for Mycoplasma
Definition of Cold Agglutinin Cold agglutinins are polyclonal IgM that have specificity against the I-antigen on red cells, and often there is light chain restriction, with kappa being predominant. The infections associated with cold agglutinins are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Epstein Barr virus Cytomegalovirus HIV Rubella Steps for Bedside Cold Agglutinin Test…