There is confusion regarding the borders of Kambin’s triangle across the literature. Kambin originally described the borders of this triangular working zone as: Though it was named as a “triangle” it was described with 4 borders with 2 triangles (in AP view and Lateral view) which gives a 3D structure…
Tag: Anesthesia
Blog 
Understanding Chronic Pain: Answers to Common Questions
Pain is an undeniable reality that each of us encounters at some point in life. While most pains are fleeting, vanishing once the underlying cause is addressed, there exists a tormenting kind that persists and takes a toll on every aspect of life. Chronic pain, the elusive agony that defies…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ABG Interpretation Made Easy
Normal values Step 1: pH Step 2: pCO2 Step 3: HCO3- Step 4: Determine compensation If there is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, determine if there is appropriate respiratory compensation: No respiratory compensation: Expected pCO2 = Measured pCO2 Respiratory compensation: Expected pCO2 ≠ Measure pCO2 Step 5: Delta ratio ΔAG /…
Emergency Medicine 
Circumferential Periosteal Block (CPB)
Use: Alternative to hematoma block in reduction of distal radius and ulna fractures Advantage: Providing distance from the fracture hematoma (no theoretical risk of converting closed fracture into open fracture) Disadvantage: Risk of neurovascular injury on volar surface of forearm Local anesthetic and volume: 10–15 ml of 1 % plain lidocaine…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ASA Classification: Made Easy
The purpose of the system is to assess and communicate a patient’s pre-anesthesia medical co-morbidities. The classification system alone does not predict the perioperative risks, but used with other factors (e.g., type of surgery, frailty, level of deconditioning), it can be helpful in predicting perioperative risks. ASA grade Definition Mortality…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Bohr and Haldane Effect : Mnemonics
Haldane effect Mnemonic: HALD Bohr Effect Mnemonic: BOHR
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Ketamine : Mnemonic
K: Kids (Induction agent of choice in children) E: Emergence reaction (floating sensations, vivid dreams and hallucination; reduced using benzodiazepines), Enantiomers (S-Ketamine and R-Ketamine) T: Thalamo-cortical dissociation with limbic system causing dissociative anesthesia A: Analgesic, Amnesic, Antidepressant, All routes (IV, IM, PO, Intranasal, Epidural, Intrathecal) M: Meals – can be…
Emergency Medicine 
Bier Block
Named after: German Surgeon August Bier (first introduced the block in 1908) Definition: It is a peripheral intravenous local anesthetic block (IVRA; Intravenous Regional Anesthesia) of the upper limb using a pneumatic cuff technique Mechanism of action: Local anesthesia diffuses into the small veins surrounding the nerves and then into…