Origin C5-T1 (lateral and medial cords of Brachial plexus) Course Motor innervation Muscles supplied: 2 lateral lumbricals, 3 thenars, 3Ps (2 pronator and 1 palmaris) and 4 flexors. Sensory innervation Clinical correlation 1. Martin-Gruber motor connection: occur in 17% of individuals between median and ulnar nerves resulting in variable innervations…
Emergency Medicine
Continue Reading
ATLS 80/70/60 Rule for Palpable Blood pressure
ATLS’ 80/70/60 rule On the basis of location of pulse palpable, minimum systolic blood pressure can be predicted as follows: Radial/Dorsalis pedis/Popliteal pulse: >80 mmHg Femoral pulse: >70 mmHg Carotid pulse: >60 mmHg Overestimation of SBP by Pulses Pulse characteristics are an unreliable sign and “should be used only as…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Continue Reading
Koilonychia
Synonyms: Spoon-shaped nails, Concave nails Definition of koilonychia: Loss of longitudinal and lateral convexity of the nail, with thinning and fraying of the distal portions. Conditions associated with koilonychia: Normal variant Soft nails with occupational damage Iron deficiency anemia Hemochromatosis Raynaud’s syndrome Psoriasis (Koilonychia with subungual keratosis) Mechanism of koilonychia in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Continue Reading
Dental eruption : Mnemonic
Primary teeth begin eruption at around 6 months and Permanent teeth at around 6 years. In general, lower tooth erupts before it’s upper counterpart with few exceptions (lower before upper rule). Age of 6-12 years is a period of mixed dentition (eruption of permanent 1st molar to eruption of 2nd…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Continue Reading
Developmental Milestones : Mnemonic
Principles of development Development proceeds from the head downward (cephalocaudal principle). Development proceeds from the center of the cody outward (proximodistal development). Development depends on maturation and learning. Development proceeds from the simple to the more complex. Growth and development is a sequential and continuous process. Growth and development proceed…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Continue Reading
Neurovascular Relations in Anatomy
Porta hepatis Mnemonic: DAVE From anterior to posterior: Ducts (right and left hepatic duct branches) Arteries (right and left hepatic artery branches) Vein (portal vein) Epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow) Femoral triangle or Scarpa’s triangle Mnemonic: NAVEL From lateral to medial Nerve (femoral nerve and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Continue Reading
Choledochal Cysts : Mnemonic for Todani Classification
Todani Classification of Choledochal cysts Mnemonic: Consider I is “Extrahepatic” and V is “Intrahepatic”, then – Type I, II and III = Extrahepatic Type IV = Extrahepatic + Intrahepatic Type V = Intrahepatic Most common: Type I 2nd most common: Type IV Type I-III: Extrahepatic Mnemonic: 123 EDC Type…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Continue Reading
Calot’s triangle : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Calot triangle, Cystohepatic triangle Boundaries: Cysto-hepatic triangle (Budde-Rocko triangle): Calot’s triangle as described in modern surgery: Mnemonic: 3 C 1. Cystic duct 2. Common hepatic duct 3. Cystic artery Contents: Importance: The cystic artery and the duct have to be clearly defined to obtain the ‘critical view of safety’. These…