Vertebral Artery I use the analogy of hand to remember the vertebral artery and it’s branches: Origin: Branch of subclavian arteries Course: Ascends through transverse foramina…
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Components of Pathway For both eyes to look at a side: Contralateral Frontal Eye Field (Brodmann area 8) Ipsilateral PPRF (Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation) Ipsilateral…
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Vestibule and Sensory receptors Location: Medial to tympanic membrane and Posterior to Cochlea Sensory receptors 1. Macula: Present in otolith (calcium carbonate crystals) organs –…
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Auditory Pathway Component Mnemonic E.C.O.L.I.M.A Ascending from peripheral to central the components are: Ear receptors (Hair cells) in Cochlea and Eighth Cranial nerve (CN VIII)…
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Course of Trigeminal Nerve and Trigeminothalamic Pathway Mandibular (CN V3) Division of Trigeminal Nerve Maxillary (CN V2) Division of Trigeminal Nerve Ophthalmic (CN V1) Division…
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Definition of Brown Sequard Syndrome Neurological syndrome resulting from spinal cord hemisection (damage to one lateral half of spinal cord). Causes of Brown Sequard Syndrome…
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The anatomical basis of Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMNL) has already been discussed earlier. Similarly, we will explain the anatomical basis of clinical syndrome of…
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Organization of Ascending and Descending Tracts in Spinal Cord A. 2 Posterior Tracts: The fibers of these tracts cross to the opposite side at the…
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