There should be at least 7 contacts of children (At birth, 6,10,14 weeks, 9, 12, 15 months) to health center to fully immunize as per national immunization programme of Nepal. Previously, 11 antigens were provided through national immunization program. Recently, rotavirus vaccine and fIPV (fractional IPV) has been added. Nepal is polio…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tumor Suppressor Genes – Mnemonics
Today, we are going to talk only about the commonly mentioned tumor suppressor genes in the textbooks. This somewhat a “forced mnemonic” and may not be as effective and tedious to learn itself. If it works for you it’s well and good, if not find some other ways. General Rules…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Parinaud Syndrome – Anatomical Basis
Synonyms: Dorsal midbrain sydnrome, Pretectal syndrome Main components of Parinaud syndrome: Vertical gaze palsy Convergence-retraction nystagmus Pupillary light-near dissociation Lid retraction (Collier’s sign) Anatomical basis of Parinaud syndrome: Site of lesion: Dorsal midbrain Close to cerebral aqueduct and pineal gland – hydrocephalus and pinealoma Arterial supply – posterior cerebral artery…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pediatric History Taking – Structured format and Guide
Identification (ID): Name Age/Date of Birth Sex Informant ( Reliability) Parent’s name, age, address, education, religion Chief Complaints (CC): Symptoms X Duration in Chronological order History of Presenting Illness (HPI): Symptoms: Location, quality, quantity, aggravating and alleviating factors Time course: Onset, duration, frequency, change over time Rx/Intervention: Medications, medical help…
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Studying Pediatrics – Is it easy?
Pediatrics is a domain of medicine that deals with child health, illness and well-being . The word “children” may itself be difficult for many doctors, but pediatrics isn’t simply about a word. Here the word “children” includes – neonates, infants, toddlers, shool-age children and adolescents. Every age groups have own…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Personality Disorders – Mnemonic
If you are having a hard time remembering the clusters and which disorder falls into which cluster, this mnemonic will be helpful. Three clusters: A, B and C; remember as WWW – Weird, Wild and Worried, respectively. Cluster A – Weird (Genetic association with Schizophrenia) Accusatory: Paranoid (Suspicious) Aloof: Schizoid…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Simplified ICD-10 Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia
1. Duration: ≥1 months 2. ≥1 of Schneider’s 1st rank symptoms: Mnemonic: ABCDE a. Auditory hallucinations: Voices heard arguing (3rd person), Thought echo, Running commentary b. Bizzare delusions: Voices coming from some part of the body c. Control (Delusion of control): Somatic, Impulse, Volition, Affect (SIVA) d. Delusional perception: A non-hallucinated/true perception…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Heart Sounds – Abnormal
The basic clinical examination of the Cardiac System is by Auscultation (listening to the sounds made by the heart). As explained in the previous article physiological sounds made in each cardiac cycle viz. S1 and S2 due to the closure of the Atrio-Ventricular Valves and Outlet Valve in synchrony. Please…