Classification Stage/Type Pott’s spine (Kumar’s) Pott’s paraplegia (Tuli) Hip and Knee Hip (Shanmugasundaram) I Predestructive (Straightening, spasm, hyperemia) Negligible (Objective plantar extensor response or ankle clonus) Synovitis (ROM 75-100%/Haziness, rarefaction)– Hip: FAbER, Apparent lengthening Normal (C) II Early destructive (Diminished space, paradiscal erosion, K<10) Mild (Subjective neuro-deficit but walks with…
USMLE
Boards and Beyond for Step 1 USMLE: Review
USMLE Step 1 scoring system has been changed to Pass or Fail from 3-digit scoring. Many would debate that you will no longer need to focus much on Step 1 preparation and just go for it quickly, but the fact is the exam isn’t any easier and you still risk…
USMLE
How to use Uworld and Amboss for best Step 2 CK scores
Uworld is undoubtedly the best practice resource for USMLE Step 2 CK. Amboss is great supplemental resource and must for those who need to read the chapters in a systematic manner. In absence of a good High yield resource for Step 2 CK like the First Aid for Step 1,…
Blog
Top Protein rich Foods
The daily nutrients requirement of body includes vitamins and minerals, carbs, protein, calcium, and others. Amongst them all, protein is one vital nutrient you should add to your diet because protein is the bunkers of amino acids. It keeps you active and fit throughout the day and keeps you regain…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Clavicle Fractures : Last Minute Revision
1. 80-85% are mid-shaft fractures (other 10-15% are lateral 3rd and 5% are medial 3rd fractures) because of: 2. Deforming forces: 3. X-ray views: 4. Allman classification: Dameron and Rockwood classification for lateral 1/3 pediatric fractures: Type I: Mild strains of ligaments or periosteal tears Type II: Complete disruption of…
Blog
3 Things To Consider When Treating Chronic Depression
Are you treating a patient with chronic depression? Finding the right approach can feel like walking through a minefield, with very real consequences. The following information will help you come to the best decisions. When studying medicine, it is tempting to consider what you learn from your books as the…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Inverted Reflexes
An inverted tendon reflex refers to the elicitation of the movement opposite to that normally seen when the reflex is elicited. Mechanism of Inverted Reflexes A lesion which simultaneously affects: This leads to 2 components: Mechanisms of hyperactive response: Types of Inverted Reflexes 1. Inverted supinator reflex: 2. Paradoxical triceps…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Hoffmann’s Sign
History Method of Eliciting Hoffmann’s Reflex Mechanism of Positive Hoffmann’s Reflex Sudden stretch of the finger flexors causes involuntary finger flexor contraction due to activation of a monosynaptic stretch reflex. Exaggeration of the reflex is caused by hyperreflexia in the setting of upper motor neuron dysfunction. Upper motor neuron lesions…