Mnemonic: Upset Kidneys Drink Their Pee
Grade 1: reflux up to Ureter (w/o dilation)
Grade 2: reflux up to Kidneys (w/o dilation)
Grade 3: Dilation (ureter/pelvis/calyces)
Grade 4: Tortuosity (and worse dilation)
Grade 5: Papillary impression loss
Source: Tweet from Ben Abelson
Test Rise Peak Return to baseline Lipase 4-6 hours 48 8-14 days Amylase 2-4 hours 24-48 5-7 days Serum lipase elevation has a better diagnostic value as compared to serum amylase due to its superior specificity.  Amylase has a low molecular weight and as a result can easily pass through…
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Everyone must be aware of the normal visual pathway and their defects. Here, I’ve tried to enlist the topics related to the visual pathway that are “nice to know” but you may have missed it or failed to understand properly. Below is the basic visual pathway: Wilbrand’s knee Anterior…