Mnemonic: Upset Kidneys Drink Their Pee
Grade 1: reflux up to Ureter (w/o dilation)
Grade 2: reflux up to Kidneys (w/o dilation)
Grade 3: Dilation (ureter/pelvis/calyces)
Grade 4: Tortuosity (and worse dilation)
Grade 5: Papillary impression loss
Source: Tweet from Ben Abelson
Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) Mnemonic: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Start Urate Lowering Therapy if: ≥1 subcutaneous tophi ≥2 flares per year ≥3 stage CKD with Serum uric acid (SUA) ≥ 9 mg/dl Other indications: Urate renal stone, Evidence of joint destruction in X-ray 4. ≥4 weeks to be…
Glucose-6-Phosphate central to the 4 major metabolic pathways of glucose, i.e. glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and HMP shunt (Pentose phosphate pathway). Glucose is immediately phosphorylated inside the cells to Glucose-6-Phsophate to trap them inside cell and prevent diffusion out of the cell. Glucose-6-Phosphate is the key intermediate to understand the…
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