Some Neurology Mnemonics

FALLS – indications for CT BRAIN

• A: Age > 65, Amnesia > 30 minutes before impact
• B: Bringing up = vomiting > 1 (once)
• C: Coagulopathy (hx)
• D: Dangerous mechanisms: > 1 m or 5 stairs, PVA, Cyclist, Ejection
• E: Epileptic fit (post traumatic)
• F: Fracture: open, depressed, skull base
• G: GCS < 13, on admission, or < 15, 2 hours later.

DELIRIUM DEFINITON KEY WORDS

• A: Acute onset, ↓ Attention Awareness
• B: Brief changes, Behaviour
• C: Conscious level, Cognitive change
• D: Disoriented, Disengaged, Due to Direct Physiological Disturbance
• E: Exempt dementia (rule out)
• F: Fluctuating
• G: General medical condition
• H: Hallucinations (visual)
• I: Incoherent speech, and Intoxicated substances or medicines

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN	SEIZURE	SYNCOPE
Prodrome	Seconds brief aura	Minutes (nausea & vomiting, hot & cold)
Position	Sitting, lying, sleeping	From standing or follow exercise
LOC	Minutes (2’)	Seconds (< 1min)
Color	Blue/red	Pale
Shakes	With LOC	After LOC
Eyes	Open	Closed
Pupils	Dilated	Normal
Tongue bitten	More likely	Less likely
Injury	Side	Tip
Recovery	Ambulance	At scene

NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT: NEUROBEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES

A:

• Acute medical illness [infection, pain]
• Avoid restraints

B:

• Basic needs (walking, drinking, eating, defecating, sleeping]
• Bring down the noise and stimulus

C:

• Conflict (interpersonal issues)
• Companionship
• Complementary therapy (music, massage, art, pets)
• Cycle sleep – wake

D:

• Daily routine
• Drug adverse effects

E:

• Exercise,
• Environmental factors (triggers, strains)

F:Family informed

RULE OF 1-2-3-4 (PUPILLARY PATHWAYS)

• 1 afferent
• 2 efferents
• 3 nuclei
• 4 neurons

FACIAL NERVE

AAbove the nucleus	BBrainstem (nucleus)	CCPA angle	DDuctal: Facial canal	EExtracranial
Vascular, Demyelinating, Tumor	Syringobulbia, Glioma, MS	Acoustic neuroma (Schwannoma)	Viral	Sarcoid Parotitis, Melkersson Rosenthal
Hemiparesis/Paralysis of facial muscles (ipsilateral)	Dissociated sensory loss (pain lost, touch preserved)Normal sound, Taste (saliva)	Loss of corneal sensation (absent corneal reflex: no eye blinking, either)+ DeafnessNormal facial sensationNormal taste (tongue)Slight facial weakness	Topographic arrangement:1st Great petrosal nerve + Deep petrosal nerve (IC Artery sympathetic) ® Vidian nerve ® Pterygopalatine ganglion ¯ Tears2nd Stapedius n. ® Staples ® ­ Sound3rd Corda tympani ® Lingual nerve ®¯ Taste anterior 2/3 Saliva	Facial swellingBell’s palsy

4 SEXY QUESTIONS FOR FACIAL MOVEMENT

• Rise (the eyebrows)
• Screw (the eyes shut)
• Blow (the cheeks)
• Smile