Red eye reflects hyperemia or engorgement of superficial visible conjunctival, episcleral or ciliary vessels. A) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR ACUTE RED EYE 1. Painless red eye: a) Diffuse redness: Lids normal: Conjunctivitis Lids abnormal: Blepharitis Ectropion Trichiasis Eyelid lesion b) Localized redness: Pterygium Corneal foreign body Ocular trauma Subconjunctival hemorrhage Episcleritis
Dura mater (pachymenix) is the outer meningeal layer consisting of: Dural Reflections These are the infoldings formed by the inner meningeal layer reflecting away from the fixed periosteral dural layer. Two vertical reflections – Separate the right and left hemisphere Two horizontal reflections Dural Venous Sinuses 1. Superior sagittal sinus:…
Postacchini and Massobrio Classification (Nathan Modification) Can be classified into 6 types: Type I (slight curve): Curved slightly forward with apex pointing caudally (>50% incidence) Type II (forward curve): More prominent ventral curvature with coccyx apex pointing anteriorly (8-32% incidence) Type III (sharp angle): Acute anterior angulation of coccyx but…
Is it necessary to remember these? Are they high yield for exam? If yes, is there any way to remember these?
Here’s a mnemonic for the B cell non-hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).
c-myc (8); cyclin-D (11); heavy-chain Ig (14); BCL-2 (18)
1. 14 is common in many transolactions
2. write small chromosomes 1st then larger
a. Burkitt’s lymphoma (B looks like 8): t(8;14)
b. Follicular lymphoma (F for fourteen and follicular): t(14;18)
c. Mantle cell lymphoma (M looks like 11): t(11;14)
d. Marginal zone lymphoma (outer margins of mantle cell and follicular lymphoma): t(11;18)
Superb
-It’s actually 18 letters in word for follicular lymphoma😅
F for follicur f for fourteen written first
-Burkitts lymphoma B for 8 (that is 8 in any translocation is for Burkitts) except t(8,21) for AML M2 that is one associated with chloroma. 🤢
– ewings e for eleven, e with wings for into 2 (X 2) t (11,22)
-Synovial sarcoma s for sex (X) SY FOR SHY AT 18 t (x,18)☺️
Thank you for the correction Akarsh. It is actually 18 letters in follicular lymphoma 😅
U r most welcome😊