PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Read More
Cardiac (Heart) Failure Made Easy (Pathophysiology and Diagnosis)
DEFINITION OF CARDIAC FAILURE It is a state in which there is: a. Forward failure: inability of heart to maintain cardiac output sufficient to meet the metabolic demands of peripheral tissues AND/OR b. Backward failure: ability to do so with elevated filling pressure PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIAC FAILURE 1. Myocyte loss…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Read More
Anatomy of Physis (Growth Plate)
Periphery of physis: The physis is connected to the epiphysis and metaphysis peripherally via: Blood supply of physis: There are three sources of blood supply to the physis: the epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and perichondral circulations. Zones of physis: Zones Characteristics Functions Blood supply Diseases Epiphysis Epiphyseal artery Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (MED) Physis 1….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Read More
Posterior Cranial Fossa : Mnemonic
Boundaries Foramina Mnemonic: IJHM (International Journal of Hospitality Management) from lateral to medial 1. Internal acoustic meatus (IAM) 2. Jugular foramen Mnemonic: IPS 9, 10, 11IPS + SS = IJV 3. Hypoglossal canal 4. foramen Magnum Contents Clinical consideration Pediatric posterior fossa tumors: Cerebellar tonsil herniation: Herniation of pons and…