History
- Given by a British Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Robert Symon Garden in 1961
- Based on original review of 80 patients which he classified into 4 types and followed for 12 months:
- Type I and II fractures: had 100% union rate
- Type III: had 93% union rate
- Type IV: had 57% union rate
Classification
The Garden classification incorporates displacement, fracture completeness, and relationship of bony trabeculae in the femoral head and neck.
| Garden I | Garden II | Garden III | Garden IV | |
| Displacement | None | None | Partial | Complete |
| Fracture completeness | Incomplete (medial cortex intact) | Complete | Complete | Complete |
| Relation of bony trabeculae | Head and neck trabeculae malaligned (valgus impaction) | All trabeculae aligned and parallel | All trabeculae malaligned (varus impaction) | All trabeculae parallel but: acetabular & head trabeculae aligned and neck trabeculae malaligned |
