Introduction Mnemonic: WIPER General information Mnemonic: DNA SORAN Presenting Complaint (PC) A good opening question might be “What seems to be the problem today?”. It must be recorded: It can be recorded as: History of Presenting Complaint (HPC) Start in the order of PC, i.e. reverse chronological order. The HPC…
Category: Clinical Skills and Approaches
History taking and examination skills and Flowchart approaches to commonly encountered medical conditions and diseases.
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Glasgow Coma Scale
Best eye opening Mnemonic: ESPN Best verbal response Mnemonic: ASWGN Best motor response Mnemonic: OLD BEN Important points Question and Example A 20 year old man is hit over the head with a mallet. On arrival in the accident and emergency department he opens his eyes to pain and groans…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Clarke’s test
Synonyms: Patellofemoral grind test, Patella hold test, Zohler’s sign Tests for: Patellofemoral dysfunction Patient position: Lying down with knees extended and relaxed (heels on table) Technique: 1. Place the webspace of thumb on the upper pole of patella and push it inferiorly. 2. Ask the patient to contract his/her quadriceps…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Orthopedic Examination Made Easy
Orthopedic examination is a fundamental aspect of assessing musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, and disorders. This comprehensive guide aims to provide healthcare professionals, students, and practitioners with a thorough understanding of the principles, techniques, and best practices involved in conducting orthopedic examinations. By examining the mechanics behind the tests, readers will gain…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Eliciting Primitive Neonatal Reflexes
Neonatal reflexes are the reflexes which are present at birth and have a predictable course of appearance and disappearance. A normally developing newborn should respond to certain stimuli with these reflexes, which eventually become inhibited as the child matures. The list of reflexes that can be elicited in normal newborn…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Total Contact Cast (TCC) – Principles and Technique
Total contact cast (TCC) is a modification of traditional below knee plaster with minimal padding, covering to protect toes, and molding to the contour of the foot and leg so that there’s no movement withing the cast. Indications of Total Contact Cast Contraindications of Total Contact Cast 1. Absolute: 2….
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Subacromial Injection
Indications: Diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of – Syringe preparation: Position: Comfortably seated with the arm at the side and the hands resting on the lap. Posterior approach: Lateral approach:
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Injection technique for De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Syringe Preparation: Position: Comfortably seated with neutral forearm rotation with radial styloid facing upwards – position the wrist in slight ulnar deviation. Technique: