Features of Osteochondroma Mnemonic: Six “C” Commonest benign bone tumor Continue to grow until Closure of physis Cartilage cap (appears larger clinically than in X-ray) Continuous with native bone (cortex and medullary canal) Cane (pedunculated/stalked points away from joint and sessile/broad based have higher risk of malignant degeneration) Change (mutation)…
Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics
He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music. He is currently pursuing Fellowship in Hip, Pelvi-acetabulum and Arthroplasty at B&B Hospital.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Gout : Mnemonics
Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) Mnemonic: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Start Urate Lowering Therapy if: ≥1 subcutaneous tophi ≥2 flares per year ≥3 stage CKD with Serum uric acid (SUA) ≥ 9 mg/dl Other indications: Urate renal stone, Evidence of joint destruction in X-ray 4. ≥4 weeks to be…
Surgical Skills
Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for CTEV
Indications Cavus, Adductus and Varus are fully corrected but ankle dorsiflexion remains <10 degrees above neutral Adequate abduction: Best sign: Ability to palpate anterior process of the calcaneus as it abducts out from beneath the talus Abduction of approximately 60 degrees Neutral or slight valgus of os calcis Technique 1….
Surgical Skills
Hip Spica Cast
Acceptable angulation in Femoral Shaft Fractures Age Varus/Valgus (degrees) Anterior/Posterior (degrees) Shortening (mm) <2 yr 30 30 15 2-5 yr 15 20 20 6-10 yr 10 15 15 >10 yr 5 10 10 Reference: Rockwood and Wilkin’s Fractures in Children – Leg position for Hip Spica Application in Femur Shaft…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
CTEV Made Easy
CAVE deformities Mnemonic Deformity Site Components C Cavus Midfoot Plantar flexed 1st metatarsal A Adductus Forefoot (Tarsometatarsal joint) Medial displacement of navicular and cuboid along with talar neck and head; Calcaneus and distal calcaneal articulating surfaces adducted along V Varus Hindfoot (Subtalar joint) Calcaneum is adducted, plantar flexed and inverted…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Idiopathic Scoliosis Made Easy
Definition Cobb’s angle >10° Diagnosis of exclusion: Congenital scoliosis and Neuromuscular scoliosis ruled out Types: Early onset (<10 years): Infantile: 0-3 years Juvenile: 4-10 years Late onset (>10 years) Adolescent: 10-18 years Adult: >18 years Indications for MRI in general Mnemonic: Left JAPAN Left thoracic curves Juvenile onset (<10 years)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Paget’s Disease of bone : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Osteitis deformans Collage of matrix madness Mnemonic: Sixteen “P”s 1. Paramyxovirus infection and inclusions in osteocalsts 2. Pain (most common symptom – localized fractures or nerve compressions) 3. Pelvis (most common site) 4. Polyostotic (more common; 85%) 5. Phases: Active (lytic, mixed, sclerotic) and Inactive 6. Plasma volume expansion…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Osteopetrosis : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Marble bone disease Albers-Schonberg disease (Autosomal dominant form) Mnemonic: OSTEOPETROSIS Osteoclast dysfunction (Carbonic anhydrase II gene mutation or chloride channel dysfunction) Symmetric skeletal sclerosis Thickened cortex with loss of medullary canal diameter (bone in bone appearance) Extramedullary hematopoiesis (aplastic anemia and hepatosplenomegaly) Overgrowth of skull foramina (cranial nerve palsies)…