Epineurium of sciatic nerve (like all other nerves) is continuous with the duramater withing the spinal canal which is firmly attached to the foramen magnum above and the filum terminale below. In the elastic neuromeningeal pathway, tension applied at one point will spread through out the length of spine until…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Goodsall’s rule : Mnemonic
Synonym: Goodsall-Salmon’s law In anal fistula, goodsall’s rule predicts the type of track and location of internal opening. An anterior external opening is more likely to have a straight track while a psoteriorly placed external opening is more likely to have a curved track. Mnemonic: Think of a dog with…
Emergency Medicine 
IV Cannula Color Code : Tricks to Remember
Present day IV cannulae are available from sizes 14 gauge to 26 gauge with universal color coding for easy recongnition of IV cannula. Smaller the gauge, wider is the cannula and has higher flow rate. Normal adult size: 18-20 G Situations requiring rapid fluid transfusion like trauma: 14-16 G Preferred…
Surgical Skills 
Surgical blade size : Tricks to remember
Surgical blade anatomy Sharp edge: Belly Tip Unsharpened ridge opposite to the edge: Spine Slot for scalpel Surgical blade numbers Here is a trick to know the surgical blades by numbers – a simple image mnemonic which will require your imagination. We will only discuss blades commonly used in our…
Emergency Medicine 
Respiratory Emergencies
Contains concise management of following conditions with flowcharts, tables and figures. This handbook can be helpful for medical students posted in Emergency room or Internal medicine and also for medical officers working in Emergency department. Acute Pulmonary Embolism Acute Exacerbation of COPD Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Healthcare Associated Pneumonia (HAP)/Ventilator…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mirel’s Criteria or Score – Mnemonic
Mirel’s scoring system rates 4 criteria from 1 to 3 with maximum possible score of 12 to assess the risk of pathological fracture due to metastases and also serves as a guide for considering prophylactic fixation. The parameters of the criteria can be remembered using the mnemonic MIREL’S. M –…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Add “ICE” to history – Patient’s perspective
In medical history taking, “ICE” is an acronym for trilogy of “Ideas”, “Concerns” and “Expectations” which is a doctor’s tool to assess the patient’s perspective of the presenting problem. There has been a shift towards patient centered approach and many patients tend to prefer a shared decision-making model which includes…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Simplified ASIA Impairment Scale
Check S4-5 S4-5: Perianal area <1 cm lateral to the mucocutaneous junction (taken as one level) 1. Sensory (-) and Motor (-): AIS A (Complete)i.e. N-0-0-0-0-N sign (No sacral sparing) 2. Sensory (+) and Motor (-): AIS Bi.e. Sensory (+) means any sensation present in S4/S5 or anal sensation Motor…