Remember the 4 Cs: Clinical indication (Principle of Benevolence and Non-maleficence) Choice of patient (Principle of respect for Autonomy) Contextual features (Principle of Loyalty and Fairness) Condition (quality) of life (Principle of Benevolence, Non-maleficence and respect for Autonomy) A 5th box can be added: Catholic perspective Example: Clinical indications 18…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Complications of Fractures
This is a tabulated compilation for complications of fractures in general which can be immediate, early or delayed and local or generalized/systemic. This topic is commonly tested in exams. Local Systemic Immediate 1. Soft tissue injuries (Skin, Nerve, Vessels, Muscle-tendon) 2. Physeal injury 3. Hemarthrosis 4. Local visceral injury 1….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Muscles of Back – Simplified
A. Superficial Group (Appendicular group) Arise from vertebral column and attach to shoulder (assist in movement of limbs) a. Most superficial: Trapezius (From external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process C7-T12) Latissimus dorsi (From spinous process T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia and iliac crest) b. Covered by trapezius: Levator scapulae (From…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
GRACE, HEART and TIMI score Mnemonics : Cardiac Chest Pain Risk Stratification
GRACE Score Mnemonic: GRACE A. Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events B. Renal: Creatinine C. Age D. Cardiac: Heart rate Systolic blood pressure Cardiac arrest at admission Killip class: I – No CHF II – Basal rales and/or JVD III – Pulmonary edema IV – Cardiogenic shock E. ECG and…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
Use of Thyroid Function Test in Adult, Non-pregnant patients
The presentation attached below covers approach to management of thyroid disorders and appropriate use of thyroid function test (TFT) during diagnosis and follow-up of patients with thyroid disorders. Few MCQs for self-assessment 1. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism should be considered for LT4 therapy if the patient has:A. A family history…
Surgical Skills
Corner Stitch
Synonym: Half-buried horizontal mattress suture Indications: V, Y or X-pattern laceration repair Risk: Dermal stitch may be placed too close to the tip of the flap and compromise the tenuous blood supply Suture: Non-absorbable Principle: When repairing, this stitch must be placed first Landmark sites (2 on each site of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Juncturae Tendinum
Synonyms: Connexus intertendinei, Intertendinous connections Plural: Juncturae tendinae Location: Intermetacarpal spaces in dorsum of hand between the extensor digitorum tendons Morphologic types: The usual pattern is that it gets thicker from radial to ulnar side. Type 1: Thin filamentous (square, rhomboidal or triangular) – present only in 2nd metacarpal space…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Internal Iliac Artery Anatomy : Simplified
Origin L5-S1 (common iliac artery bifurcation; anterior to SI joint) Course Extends down and posteriorly ~4 cm until superior margin of greater sciatic foramen and bifurcates into 2 trunks (in 60% cases) – Anterior trunk: continuation of the main artery towards ischial spine Posterior trunk: passes towards greater sciatic foramen…