Ectrodactyly is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia presenting as bilateral congenital malformed hands and feet [1]. It affects about 1 in 90,000 births with males and females equally as likely to be affected. It is characterized by transverse terminal aphalangia or partial to total absence of the distal segments of…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Scheurmann’s Disease : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: Remember “S” for Scheurmann Structural kyphosis (sagittal deformity) of thoracic or thoracolumbar spine Skeletally immature sons (0.4-10% of adolescents between 10-14 years; onset with prepubertal growth spurt; M:F = 2-7:1) Strong hereditary (genetic) predisposition and Several theories: Scheurmann’s vertebral epiphyseal disturbance theory Schmorl’s nodes (herniation of disc material into…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
FDA Pregnancy Drug Risk Categories : Mnemonic
We have simplified the information above as following: Category A: Adequate Anthropoid (Human) studies and Absolutely safe (No risk in controlled human studies) Category B: Bounded (limited) human studies and safe in Beast (animal) studies; Better to use (No risk in other studies) Category C: Catastrophic effects in animals and…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Splenomegaly : Examination techniques and Clinical Approach
ANATOMY OF SPLEEN Histologically: FUNCTIONS OF SPLEEN Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ organ and serves following functions – An increase in these normal functions may result in splenomegaly EXAMINATION OF SPLEEN 1. Palpation: If history suggest splenomegaly but is not palpable: Roll the patient on to the right lateral…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Elbow Anastomoses : Mnemonic
First things first. It is essential to understand the meaning of collateral and recurrent arteries. Recurrent arteries turn back so as to reverse direction. Collateral arteries refer to side branches of the major arteries. Mnemonic: M.R. Deep On the posterior aspect of the shaft of the humerus: Profunda brachii (Deep…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tendon Transfer Principles : Mnemonic
Tendon transfer is the use of the power of a functioning muscle unit to activate a non-functioning nerve/muscle/tendon unit. The transferred tendon remains attached to its parent muscle with an intact neurovascular pedicle. Mnemonic: SEACOAST-1 a. Synergistic: act together to produce a single composite movement (facilitate each other). e.g. b….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tourniquet Paralysis Syndrome
Synonym: Pressure paralysis Mechanism: Direct extrinsic pressure (displacement of ranvier node) or axonal hypoxia on the nerves beneath the tourniquet and are related to the cuff pressure and duration of application.\ It is different from post tourniquet syndrome which caused due to combined effect of muscle ischemia, edema and microvascular…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blood Supply of Humeral Head
Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (AHCA) Origin: Axillary artery Course: Along the inferior border of subscapularis Gives anterolateral ascending branch which courses along lateral aspect of bicipital groove entering the humeral head and becoming arcuate artery Continues posterolaterally to anastomose with Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA) Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA)…