Epiploic foramen is a vertical opening through which lesser sac (omental bursa) communicates with the greater sac (peritoneal cavity proper). It is at the level of T12 vertebra. Boundaries Mnemonic: Epiploic foramen is located between CD and HI. Superior: Caudate process of liver Inferior: Duodenum (1st part) Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligament…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Liver Anatomy : Mnemonics
Ligaments Mnemonic: TV TFCL 1. True ligaments: 2. False ligaments (Peritoneal folds): Posteroinferior (Visceral) Surface of Liver Anatomical halves are separated by Ligamentum venosum and Ligamentum teres. Vascular halves are separated by IVC and Gall bladder. Caudate lobe and Quadrate lobe: Mnemonic: IVC are in one line Mnemonic: LGBTQ are…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Cervical Vertebrae Anatomy
Osteology Vertebra Body Spinous process Transverse process Typical (C3-6) Relatively small; oval; uncinate process superiorly Bifid Has foramen transversarium, Has anterior and posterior tubercle separated by groove for spinal nerve (large anterior tubercle in C6 called Carotid/Chassaignac tubercle) Atlas (C1) None; Ring (2 lateral masses connected by anterior & posterior…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Anatomy of Tongue : Mnemonics
Muscles Intrinsic Extrinsic Alter the shape of tongue Attaches tongue to the bone Mnemonic: VIST Mnemonic: Paris St. German Hour 1. Vertical 1. Palatoglossus (Palate) – anatomically a pharyngeal muscle 2. Inferior longitudinal 2. Styloglossus (Styloid) 3. Superior longitudinal 3. Genioglossus (Genial tubercle of mandible) 4. Transverse 4. Hyoglossus (Hyoid)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Laryngeal Muscles : Mnemonics
Extrinsic muscles Nerve supply: Ansa cervicalis (CN XII + C1, C2, C3) Infrahyoid muscles (Depressors of larynx): Mnemonic: TOSS Suprahyoid muscles (Elevators of larynx): Mnemonic: MDGS Intrinsic muscles Muscles Origin Insertion Function Thyroepiglotticus Thyroaryetenoid muscle Epiglottis (lateral surface) Opens laryngeal inlet Aryepiglotticus Oblique arytenoid muscle Epiglottis Closes laryngeal inlet Posterior…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Thyroid Gland Blood Supply : Mnemonics
Arterial supply Arterial anastomosis Venous drainage The venous plexus lies beneath the true capsule (peripheral condensation of fibrous stroma of gland). Hence, during thyroidectomy, thyroid gland is removed along with the true capsule to avert the hemorrhage. False capsule (pre-tracheal fascia) is left intact. Thyroid Arteries and Laryngeal Nerves Mnemonic:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Fasciae of the Neck
Superficial cervical fascia Contents: Deep cervical fascia or Fascia colli 1. Investing layer 2. Pretracheal layer 3. Carotid sheath: Formed anteriorly by pretracheal fascia and posteriorly by prevertebral fascia Encloses: Relations: 4. Pharyngobasilar fascia (deep to pharynx): lines the inner surface of pharyngeal muscles 5. Prevertebral layer Spread of Infections…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Posterior Cranial Fossa : Mnemonic
Boundaries Foramina Mnemonic: IJHM (International Journal of Hospitality Management) from lateral to medial 1. Internal acoustic meatus (IAM) 2. Jugular foramen Mnemonic: IPS 9, 10, 11IPS + SS = IJV 3. Hypoglossal canal 4. foramen Magnum Contents Clinical consideration Pediatric posterior fossa tumors: Cerebellar tonsil herniation: Herniation of pons and…