Special Anatomic Features of Heel Pad Heel pad form an almost fully contained cup-like structure consisting of skin overlying a shell of connective tissue within…
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Section Editor: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MBBS, PGY1 Orthopedics
Kanavel Sign for Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis
1. Exquisite tenderness over the course of the sheath, limited to the sheath Present in 64% cases Late sign of proximal extension of pyogenic tenosynovitis…
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The classification system for closed fractures is based on the physiologic concept that the energy imparted to the bone (and the resultant fracture pattern) directly…
Explore more Oestern and Tscherne Classification for Closed fracturesScrew-home mechanism
Synonym: Knee-locking mechanism Definition: During the final degrees of knee extension (last 20-30 degrees), an obligatory lateral rotation of the tibia occurs, i.e. non-voluntary coupled…
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Deep to the plantar fascia, muscles of plantar foot exist in 4 different layers. Extensor digitorum brevis makes dorsal layer of foot and remaining 18…
Explore more Foot muscles – Layers and CompartmentsPeriprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Criteria and Management
The 2013 ICM criteria for defining Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be remembered using the mnemonic below: Mnemonic: 1 tract or 2 bact. and 3…
Explore more Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Criteria and ManagementPathophysiology of Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is defined as an inflammation of the bone (single portion or numerous regions, like marrow, cortex, periosteum and surrounding soft tissue) caused by an…
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ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) Usually elevated within 48-72 hours of the infection onset (less reliable in the first 48 hours of infection) Continues to rise…
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