Mechanism of Ethambutol induced optic neuropathy Ethambutol is metabolized to a chelating agent. The chelating agent formed then may impair the function of metal-containing mitochondiral…
Explore more Ethambutol Induced Optic Neuropathy
Ophthalmology
Visual Pathway : Supplement Knowledge
Everyone must be aware of the normal visual pathway and their defects. Here, I’ve tried to enlist the topics related to the visual pathway that…
Explore more Visual Pathway : Supplement Knowledge
Retinal Layers Simplified
The ten layers of retina – this microscopic anatomy is frequently asked in examinations and also important from the physiological viewpoint. There are plenty of…
Explore more Retinal Layers Simplified
Horizontal Conjugate Gaze Pathway
Components of Pathway For both eyes to look at a side: Contralateral Frontal Eye Field (Brodmann area 8) Ipsilateral PPRF (Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation) Ipsilateral…
Explore more Horizontal Conjugate Gaze Pathway
Vision loss – General Appoach
Diagnosis of the etiology of vision loss requires a step-wise systematic approach. The vision loss may be sudden or gradual, painful or painless, unilateral or…
Explore more Vision loss – General Appoach
Understanding Eye Glass Prescription Slip
A phoropter/refractor is an instrument commonly used by eye care professionals during an eye examination, containing different lenses used for refraction of the eye during…
Explore more Understanding Eye Glass Prescription Slip
Sudden Vision Loss : Simplified Approach
Acute or sudden vision loss is due to one of the following causes: Opacification of normally transparent structures anterior to retina Retinal abnormalities Abnormalities of…
Explore more Sudden Vision Loss : Simplified Approach
Acute Red Eye : Simplified Approach
Red eye reflects hyperemia or engorgement of superficial visible conjunctival, episcleral or ciliary vessels. A) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR ACUTE RED EYE 1. Painless red eye:…
Explore more Acute Red Eye : Simplified Approach