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Ophthalmology

Visual field defect ethambutol
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Ethambutol Induced Optic Neuropathy

Epomedicine Mar 27, 2017 No Comments Nervous systemOphthalmologyPharmacology

Mechanism of Ethambutol induced optic neuropathy Ethambutol is metabolized to a chelating agent. The chelating agent formed then may impair the function of metal-containing mitochondiral…

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pupillary light reflex
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Visual Pathway : Supplement Knowledge

Epomedicine Jul 29, 2016 1 Comment AnatomyNervous systemOphthalmology

Everyone must be aware of the normal visual pathway and their defects. Here, I’ve tried to enlist the topics related to the visual pathway that…

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retinal layers
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Retinal Layers Simplified

Epomedicine Jul 28, 2016 No Comments AnatomyNervous systemOphthalmology

The ten layers of retina – this microscopic anatomy is frequently asked in examinations and also important from the physiological viewpoint. There are plenty of…

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voulantary horizontal conjugate gaze
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Horizontal Conjugate Gaze Pathway

Epomedicine Jul 27, 2016 2 Comments AnatomyNervous systemOphthalmology

Components of Pathway For both eyes to look at a side: Contralateral Frontal Eye Field (Brodmann area 8) Ipsilateral PPRF (Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation) Ipsilateral…

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painless loss of vision
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Vision loss – General Appoach

Epomedicine Aug 15, 2015 No Comments Ophthalmology

Diagnosis of the etiology of vision loss requires a step-wise systematic approach. The vision loss may be sudden or gradual, painful or painless, unilateral or…

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glass prescription slip
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Understanding Eye Glass Prescription Slip

Epomedicine Aug 12, 2015 1 Comment OphthalmologyPatient

A phoropter/refractor is an instrument commonly used by eye care professionals during an eye examination, containing different lenses used for refraction of the eye during…

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aion
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Sudden Vision Loss : Simplified Approach

Epomedicine Aug 11, 2015 No Comments Emergency medicineOphthalmology

Acute or sudden vision loss is due to one of the following causes: Opacification of normally transparent structures anterior to retina Retinal abnormalities Abnormalities of…

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red eye
USMLE, PGMEE, MBBS, MD/MS

Acute Red Eye : Simplified Approach

Epomedicine Aug 10, 2015 2 Comments Emergency medicineOphthalmology

Red eye reflects hyperemia or engorgement of superficial visible conjunctival, episcleral or ciliary vessels. A) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR ACUTE RED EYE 1. Painless red eye:…

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