Upper end of humerus Mnemonic: HGL – 1,3,5 a. Head – by 1 year b. Greater tuberosity – by 3 years c. Lesser tuberosity – by 5 years All 3 centers fuse together by 6 years (1 year after the last center appears) Upper end of femur Mnemonic: HGL –…
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mnemonic Approach to Elbow Xray – FOOL
Mnemonic: FOOLa. Fat padsb. Overt findings and outlinesc. Ossification centersd. Lines Fat pads The elbow joint has anterior and posterior fat pads which are extra-synovial but within the articular capsule. These are present as a radiolucent (black) line (compared to bone and surrounding soft tissues) in lateral X-rays. Normal finding:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
List of Osteochondritis of Different Bones
Osteochondritis of the capitulum of humerus (elbow): panner’s disease Osteochondritis of the lunate bone: keinbock’s disease Osteochondritis of the femoral head: perthe’s disease Osteochondritis of lateral part of medial femoral condyle: osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis of the tibial tubercle: osgood schlatter’s disease Osteochondritis of lower part of patella: sinding larsen johansson…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Hip and Shoulder Deformities
HIP Flexion, Abduction, External rotation (FABER) + apparent lengthening: Synovitis Flexion, Abduction, External rotation (FABER) + true lengthening: Anterior dislocation of hip (Obturator) Extension+ Abduction + External rotation (EABER): Anterior dislocation of hip (Superior or Pubic) Flexion, Adduction, Internal rotation (FADIR) + true shortening: Arthritis, Posterior dislocation of hip Flexion,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
15 “P”s of Lichen Planus
In your medical school, you must have heard about the 5 “P”s of Lichen planus representing the gross morphology of Lichen Planus. This 15 P mnemonic encompasses morphology, drug and other associations and histology of lichen planus. Morphology:PruriticPlanar (Flat-topped)PolygonalPurplePapulesPattern of white lines on papules (Wickham’s stria)Pterygium in nailsPhenomenon of Koebner…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Differential Diagnoses of Bone Tumors : Mnemonic Approach
Lytic and Sclerotic Bone Lesions Mnemonic for Solitary lytic lesions: FEGNOMASHIC Fibrous dysplasia Enchondroma Eosinophilic granuloma Giant cell tumor Nonossifying fibroma Osteoblastoma, Osteosarcoma (telangiectatic) Metastases Myeloma Aneursymal bone cyst Simple bone cyst Hyperparathyroidism (brown tumor) Infection Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Mnemonic for Multiple lytic lesions: FEMHI Fibrous dysplasia Eosinophilic granuloma/Enchondroma Metastasis/Mutiple…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Sarcomere Structure : Mnemonic
Remember the sequence: Zahir Is A Hungry Man Z line (Zwischen = between [German]) I band A band H zone M line Z is the final alphabet: Z lines represents the end of sarcomere M for middle: M line represents the midline of sarcomere I is a thin letter: I…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Carpal Bones Ossification: Mnemonic
Roughly one center appears per year from the age of 1 year to 7 years, anti-clockwise in right hand and clock-wise in left hand looking from the anterior surface, i.e. from ulnar side to radial side. Pisiform, being a sesamoid bone it gets left behind and only develops years later. capitate: 1-3 months hamate:…