The muscles of thumb will make 2 compartments – thenar compartment and adductor compartment. Mnemonic: Do it yourself as shown in the image below. Put your left hand with curled in middle/long finger above the palm of right hand. There are 2 muscle layers in this side of the hand….
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Kocher Criteria for Septic Arthritis : Mnemonic
Kocher criteria can help to differentiate between spetic arthritis and transient synovitis in a case of non-traumatic painful hip in a child. A restrospective study in 104 pediatric patients has depicted that meeting 3 out of 4 crtieria would miss 52% cases and is of limited usefulness in detecting septic…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mirel’s Criteria or Score – Mnemonic
Mirel’s scoring system rates 4 criteria from 1 to 3 with maximum possible score of 12 to assess the risk of pathological fracture due to metastases and also serves as a guide for considering prophylactic fixation. The parameters of the criteria can be remembered using the mnemonic MIREL’S. M –…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Elbow ligaments : Simplified Anatomy
Lateral collateral ligament complex Restraint to varus and posterolateral rotatory instability. Anatomy is more variable. LCL arises from lateral humeral condyle at a point through which the axis of rotation passes – it maintains a uniform tension throughout the arc of motion. Annular ligament is a “U” shaped ligament that…
Emergency Medicine 
Pulled elbow reduction
Synonyms: Nursemaid’s elbow, Radial head subuluxation, Elbow subluxation Age: Commonly 1-4 years After 5 years of age, the attachment of the annular ligament to the neck of the radius strengthens Enlargement of the proximal radial epiphysis with growth may also improve stability Presentation: History of pull may be absent in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
6 Ps and 3 As of Compartment Syndrome
Clinical features A. Adolescents and Adults Mnemonic: 6 Ps (by Hargens and Mubarak) Pain (may be absent in cases of nerve damage): Pain out of proportion to other physical findings (requiring increasing analgesic requirement) *: Earliest symptom Pain on passive stretch of the muscles in concerned compartment * Low sensitivity…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
General Principles – Pediatric Fracture Management
Children are not just mini-adults • Higher head to torso ratio: Head injury & Upper C-spine fractures • Light weight – projectile when struck • BSA to Wt. ratio – higher (rapid hypothermia) • Large cardiopulmonary reserves – normal SBP in significant hypovolemia Growth contribution by Proximal & Distal Physes…
Emergency Medicine 
Kaplan’s Lesion : Complex Dorsal MCP joint dislocation
What is Kaplan’s lesion? Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint dislocation: Complex (Irreducible) Dorsal Mechanism of injury: Hyperextension injury Involvement: Usually occurs on border digits (Index > Little finger) Characteristic position of index finger: Hyperextended at MCP rests on dorsum of metacarpal Deviated towards middle finger Slightly flexed middle & distal phalanx with…