The 2 commonly used criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis will be discussed here. 1987 ACR Criteria Mnemonic: DMARDs if MADRAS Mnemonic: EARS For diagnosis of RA: 4 out of 7 criteria must be present (except duration) and criteria listed above in number 1, 2, 7 and 8 must be…
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Criteria and Management
The 2013 ICM criteria for defining Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be remembered using the mnemonic below: Mnemonic: 1 tract or 2 bact. and 3 of ABCDEF 1 sinus tract communication with the joint OR 2 positive periprosthetic cultures with phenotypically identical bacteria AND 3 of the following six minor…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pathophysiology of Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is defined as an inflammation of the bone (single portion or numerous regions, like marrow, cortex, periosteum and surrounding soft tissue) caused by an infecting organism (usually monomicrobial but polymicrobial can occur, especially in diabetic foot). Definitions, Criteria and Classifications of different types of Osteomyelitis have been discussed in…
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What is Plantar Fascitis?
The feet contain 28 bones, 30 joints, and more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments. In other words, there is a tremendous amount of things that can go wrong! Painful feet can be an indication of various issues, depending on the type of pain. If you are experiencing sharp pain…
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Different Spinal Injuries
Most people would agree having a back injury can be one of the most painful injuries any human could have. Spinal injuries can not only be extremely painful, but also very difficult to fix. There are many variations of spinal injuries as well as many different cures and remedies, for…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Radial Tunnel Syndrome (RTS) – Anatomy and Clinical Examination
Synonyms: Radial pronator syndrome, Treatment resistant lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) Anatomy of Radial Tunnel The anatomic radial tunnel (~5 cm) extends from the radial head to the inferior border of the supinator muscle. Mnemonic: FREAS Fibrous bands anterior to radiocapitellar joint Radial recurrent vessels (leash of Henry) ECRB medial edge…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Femoral Anteversion test (Craig’s test)
Synonym: Trochanteric prominence angle test Patient position: Prone with knee on test side flexed to 90 degrees Test procedure: Examiner palpates the greater trochanter and internally and externally rotates the hip until the greater trochanter lies at the lateral most aspect of the hip (the greater trochanter is parallel to…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Synonyms: CRPS, Sudeck’s atrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, RSD, Causalgia Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a persistent neuropathic pain syndrome of an inappropriate intensity due to sustained sympathetic activity with the absence of impending or ongoing tissue damage. There are 2 types of CRPS: Type 1 (Sudeck’s atrophy or Reflex…