Cardiac Cycle Opening and closing of valves When the valve opens, different compartments act as a single chamber (atrio-ventricle or aorto-ventricle). For a blood to…
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Cardiovascular system
Heart Development – Embryology Made Easy
Heart Tube At the beginning of 4th week of development, heart is a continuous and valveless linear tube that resembles a chicken hung upside-down. It consists…
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Why to not defibrillate Asystole ?
What is asystole? Asystole is a state of no cardiac electrical activity. It is seen as a “flat-line” in ECG monitor. However, other possible causes…
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Multiple Myeloma : Quick Approach
Plasma cell dyscrasia refers to an abnormal proliferation of plasma cells that usually secrete a monoclonal immunoglobulin. A) CLINICAL FEATURES Features vary among various conditions:…
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Cardiac (Heart) Failure Made Easy (Pathophysiology and Diagnosis)
DEFINITION OF CARDIAC FAILURE It is a state in which there is: a. Forward failure: inability of heart to maintain cardiac output sufficient to meet…
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Pulsus Paradoxus – Clinical Examination
Synonyms: Paradoxical pulse, Paradoxic pulse, Reversed Bernheim sign Definition of Pulsus Paradoxus There is normal physiological fall in Blood pressure upto 10 mmHg during inspiration.…
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Approach to a Child with Edema
Before beginning the clinical approach to a child with edema, it is necessary to understand the basics of fluid compartments, starling forces and technique of…
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ECG changes in Pericarditis
Synonyms: Acute pericarditis, Viral pericarditis, Infectious pericarditis Definition: Diffuse inflammation of the pericardial lining surrounding the heart and characterized by sharp pleuritic, retrosternal chest pain…
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