Sadly, diabetes ranks high on the list of common health issues that Americans have to deal with. To provide a clearer perspective, diabetes (specifically type 2) ranks as the fifth most common health condition that adversely impacts life quality in the country. Making certain lifestyle changes ensures that people with…
Surgical Skills 
Geometry and Margins of Elliptical Excision
Ends of ellipse (Apical angles): Dimension of ellipse: Axis of ellipse: Margin of excision: Lesion type Surgical margin Uncertain Consider shave or punch biopsy to delineate prior to elliptical excision or start with 1- to 2-mm margins to avoid unnecessary tissue removal. Benign Visible lesion removed BCC 3–5 mm SCC 3–6 mm…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Reverse or Baby or Mirrored Bennett’s Fracture
Definition: The fracture-dislocation at the base of the fifth metacarpal analogous to Bennett’s fracture of the thumb Mechanism of injury: Muscle pull and displacement: Consequences of unreduced fracture-dislocation: Possible associations: X-ray views: Treatment: 1. Closed reduction and internal fixation with K-wires 2. Open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires or…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Wormian Bones
Wormian bones are abnormal ossicles that develop from extra ossification centers within the cranium. They are most frequently located in the lambdoid suture or the coronal suture, and have been seen in the fontanelles, particularly the posterior fontanelle. Commonest Cause Idiopathic (Anatomic variant) Other Causes Mnemonic: PORK CHOPS 1. Pyknodyostosis…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
AKI RIFLE Criteria Mnemonic
Stage GFR criteria Urine output criteria Mnemonic 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3 1. Risk Cr ↑ 1.5-2 XGFR ↓ 25-50% (>1/4) <0.5 ml/kg/hr X 6-12 (>1/4 day) 2. Injury Cr ↑ 2-3 XGFR ↓ >50-75% (>2/4) <0.5 ml/kg/hr X >12-24 hrs (>2/4 day) 3. Failure Cr ↑ >3…
Blog 
Unwanted Pregnancy – Risks of Abortion and Options to Consider
Let’s face it: many couples have unexpected pregnancies and not all of them are wanted. When a woman becomes pregnant without being ready to become a parent, she becomes anxious and irritable. Unwanted pregnancies come with many thoughts, including options to “take care” of it. For most, the first thought…
Blog 
Why Go to a Neurological Physiotherapy Clinic?
When your back or shoulder hurts, you might want to check in with a physiotherapist so they can offer the right intervention. Some of the conditions that they can treat include stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, polyneuropathies, spasticity, and Parkinson’s disease to name a few. See info about stroke…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Plantar fasciitis : Injection Technique
Anatomy Plantar fascia arise from medial and lateral tubercles on the inferior surface of calcaneus. The lesion is invariably found at the medial head. Intersection technique 1. Position: Supine with knee flexed and hip externally rotated (figure of 4) 2. Landmark: Point of intersection of a line drawn parallel to…