People putting themselves forward to cosmetic surgery has increased greatly in the past few years. Having cosmetic surgery is now far more accepted than twenty years ago, and because of the increase in demand, more and more clinics are appearing across the country. There are so many procedures available, some…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Foot muscles – Layers and Compartments
Deep to the plantar fascia, muscles of plantar foot exist in 4 different layers. Extensor digitorum brevis makes dorsal layer of foot and remaining 18 muscles and 4 tendons make the 4 layers of plantar aspect or sole of foot. In general: Layer 1 and 3: 3 muscles each that…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
APGAR score in practice and its implications
A baby is born. Pediatrician receives the delivery, fetal bradycardia with maternal hypertension is the scenario. Baby is efficiently resuscitated. By the time everything is settled its around 7-8 minutes of babies life. In such a rush scenario, APGAR now has to be awarded retrospectively. A skilled pediatrician or neonatologist…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Rheumatoid Arthritis Criteria Mnemonics
The 2 commonly used criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis will be discussed here. 1987 ACR Criteria Mnemonic: DMARDs if MADRAS Mnemonic: EARS For diagnosis of RA: 4 out of 7 criteria must be present (except duration) and criteria listed above in number 1, 2, 7 and 8 must be…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Post-snake bite compartment syndrome : Predictors
The indentification of snake species is often difficult at the time of presentation of snake bite and as the interaction between the victim and snake venom is variable. Hsu et.al. conducted a single center retrospective study to find out the possible predictors of the post-snake bite compartment syndrome (PSCS). They…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Timing of Wound Closure (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
Before moving to the concept of wound closure, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology behind different types of healing. We have covered stages of wound healing in general previously. There are three types of wound healing: Primary intention Secondary intention Tertiary intention Healing by primary intention occurs when the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
How to present a Journal Club?
A journal club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in scientific literature. It is a part of postgraduate medical education aimed at improving the skills of critically appraising the journal articles. Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess…
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How To Sustain Hospital Equipment To Improve Patient Care?
In the days of a full-blown global pandemic, hospitals all around the world are experiencing a surge in patient inflow. Since the nature of pandemic is so volatile, that the health condition of a recipient can quickly escalate, making intensive care essential for survival, the importance of hospitals in this…