Anatomy of Umbilical Cord Umbilical cord is a connecting link between fetus and placenta through which fetoplacental circulation occurs. It is formed from allantois carrying vessels from Fetus to Chorion and passing abdominal stalk. It is around 50 cm long and contains 2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein surrounded by…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Heart Disease in pregnancy
Mortality risk associated with pregnancy Group I – Mortality <1% Group II – Mortality 5-15% Group III – Mortality 25-50% Commonest in Pregnancy Valvular heart disease: Mitral stenosis Congenital heart disease: ASD Cyanotic congenital heart disease: Fallot’s tetralogy (TOF) Predictors of Cardiac Events during Pregnancy N – NYHA Class >II…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Apt Test in Newborn: Maternal vs Neonatal Blood
We had few cases of suspected GI bleeding, admitted or referred to our NICU. One was case of Hematochezia and other was case of fresh blood in vomitus. Both babies were born to mother with Antepartum hemorrhage. The general condition of the babies were fine, and the vitals. There was…
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What is Dental Bonding?
If your teeth are chipped, cracked, or discolored, a cosmetic dental procedure like dental bonding can give you the confidence to smile anytime and anywhere, according to Dentist Charlotte, NC. Dental bonding is when your dentist repairs damage to one or more of your teeth using tooth-colored composite resin. It…
Case Reports
A case of child with Mucopolysaccharidosis : Hunter Syndrome
1st Published in Pedchrome in January 1, 2015 Case Summary A 6-year-old patient was found to have course facial features and short stature. Parents have noticed a developmental stasis since 4-5 years of age. The weight was normal. There were no any chronic illness, any significant birth and postnatal history…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Staging and Grading of Bone Tumors (Neoplasm)
Enneking (MSTS) Staging for Malignant Bone Tumors Stage Grade Site Metastasis IA Low Intra-compartmental None IB Low Extra-compartmental None IIA High Intra-compartmental None IIB High Extra-compartmental None III Any Any Regional or Distant Low-grade tumors generally have few mitotic figures, little if any cellular atypia, and have a relatively non-infiltrative…
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A Case of Gastroschisis : Media’s Irresponsibility
1st Published in Pedchrome in October 19, 2012 National Newspapers of Nepal like Kantipur Daily and Nayapatrika had published some news regarding the Case of Om Hospital where the papers irresponsibly declared that the doctor’s negligence had led to the death of a new-born. According to the Om Hospital Authority,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Posterolateral corner (PLC) of knee
Anatomy of PLC 3 major static stabilizers of PLC Lateral collateral ligament Popliteus tendon Popliteofibular ligament Other static stabilizers of PLC Lateral capsule thickening Arcuate ligament Fabellofibular ligament Dynamic stabilizers of PLC Biceps femoris Popliteus muscle Iliotibial band (ITB) Lateral head of gastrocnemius There are 2 “Y” shaped structures in…