The above picture shows a VCUG scan which is a commonly performed test in urology for diagnosing various conditions related to urethra, bladder as well as assessing upper tracts. Diseases that can be diagnosed using VCUG includes: So, it is always better to have an idea about interpreting the scan as…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Approach and management of pediatric hydronephrosis
Pediatric hydronephrosis is a broad term and encompasses various spectrum of disease. It can be broadly classified into: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) It accounts for 1-3% of all pregnancies (Shamshirsaz et.al;2012) and the incidence will continue to rise due to increase use of prenatal ultrasound scan. USG is the mainstay of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Allergies in the Family: Coping Strategies and Tips
Eye drops, nasal sprays, antihistamines, carrying your EpiPen wherever you go, avoiding certain environments like the plague, avoiding beloved pets or meticulously scanning ingredient lists for just about every food product you consume. All this and more are just another part of everyday life for people with allergies. Allergies might…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Breaking Bad News – SPIKES and NURSE mnemonic
Setting Mnemonic: IPC Perception of condition/seriousness Invitation from the patient to give information Knowledge – giving medical facts Explore Emotions and Empathize Strategy and Summary SPIKES protocol in application Practice: https://www.oscesense.com/osce-practice-communication-breaking-bad-news-2 References:
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
History Taking : Sequence and Mnemonics
Introduction Mnemonic: WIPER General information Mnemonic: DNA SORAN Presenting Complaint (PC) A good opening question might be “What seems to be the problem today?”. It must be recorded: It can be recorded as: History of Presenting Complaint (HPC) Start in the order of PC, i.e. reverse chronological order. The HPC…
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MRCS Part A : Experience
Exam and Results Exam date: September 12, 2023 Result date: October 5, 2023 Attempt: First Background: Recently passed PG in Orthopedics and Trauma from Nepal Maximum possible score overall: 299 (1 question was cancelled) Overall score required to pass: 200 (66.8%) Score obtained: 250 (83.6%) Application Preparation Preparation time: 3…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Peptic Ulcer (Johnson) Classification
Mnemonic: 1. 1 is Less 2. 2 is Two 3. 3 is Pre- 4. 4 is Door 5. 5 is 5 letter (NSAID) Type Mnemonic Location Acid hypersecretion Complications Surgery I (55%) Less Lesser curvature No Bleeding uncommon Distal gastrectomy with BI, BII or RY GJ anastomosis II (20%) Two…
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Unfolding Linguistic Progress: A Close Look at Speech Development in 1 to 2-Year-Olds
(Disclaimer: The article is a promotional informative content ) The language development journey that children embark on between the ages of one and two is a captivating and critical aspect of their cognitive growth. This phase witnesses rapid strides in their speech and language abilities, signifying important developmental milestones. Decoding…