Mnemonic: ABCD
Mnemonic: PPM
Malnourished (depleted intracellular Phosphate, Potassium, Magnesium) → Refeeding → Increased glucose load → Insulin spikes → Drives PPM into cells → Hypophosphatemia (major abnormality), hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
If patient hasn’t not eaten for >5 days, aim to refeed at <50% energy and protein levels.
Monitor and aggresively supplement PPM.
A) GLUCOSE LEVEL 1. Post-prandial: 140-200 mg/dl: Impaired glucose tolerance (Pre-diabetes) Diabetes prevented with: weight loss, exercise, metformin (in high risk) ≥200 mg/dl (+ Clinical symptoms): Diabetes confirmed 2. Fasting: 100-126 mg/dl: Impaired fasting glucose (Pre-diabetes) ≥126 mg/dl (+ Clinical symptoms): Diabetes confirmed
Mnemonic: AB-BC-CES Bacteria Vomiting Diarrhea Fever Food source Duration 1-6 hrs (Preformed toxins) Aureus (S. aureus) +++ +/- +/- Meats, dairy, bakery 24-48 hrs B. Cereus +++ +/- – Reheated fried rice 24 hrs 8-16 hrs B. Cereus (diarrheal toxin) +/- +++ – Meats, stews, gravy 24-48 hrs C. Perfringes…
Skin – Systemic Disease Connection “When a man has on the skin of his body a swelling or an eruption… and the disease appears to be deeper than the skin it is a leprous disease.” – Leviticus 13: 2-3 In ancient times changes in skin were taken to indicate the…