Skip to content
Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

4 Box Model for Clinical Decision Making

Epomedicine, Oct 23, 2020Oct 23, 2020

Remember the 4 Cs:

  1. Clinical indication (Principle of Benevolence and Non-maleficence)
  2. Choice of patient (Principle of respect for Autonomy)
  3. Contextual features (Principle of Loyalty and Fairness)
  4. Condition (quality) of life (Principle of Benevolence, Non-maleficence and respect for Autonomy)
  5. A 5th box can be added: Catholic perspective
four box model ethics

Example:

Clinical indications

18 yr old male with blood mixed sputum in cough and fever for 2 week and findings suggestive of right sided exudative pleural effusion
Patient needs chest tube or pigtail catheter insertion and aspiration of pus
Choice of patient




Only IV antibiotics
No chest tube
Patient refuses
Mother and relatives wants indicated treatment
Condition (Quality) of life

At Present not good
May be improved with treatment as it is curable with antibiotics and aspiration of Pus
Contextual features

Taking consent from mother and counselling the patient

Marugg L, Atkinson MN, Fernandes A. The five-box method: The “four-box method” for the Catholic physician. Linacre Q. 2014 Nov;81(4):363-71. doi: 10.1179/2050854914Y.0000000032. PMID: 25473133; PMCID: PMC4240053.

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS Medical humanities

Post navigation

Previous post
Next post

Related Posts

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Rifampicin : Mnemonic

Apr 21, 2025Apr 21, 2025

Synonym: Rifampin Mnemonic: RIFAMPIN R: RNA polymerase inhibition I: Induces CYP450 F: Flu-like symptoms, Fluid (sweat, urine, tears, saliva) discoloration A: AST/ALT elevation (Hepatotoxicity is a possible complication) M: Mycobacteria (M. Tuberculosis, M. Leprae, MAI treatment) and Meningitis (N. Meningitidis prophylaxis for close contacts) P: Penetrates granuloma, biofilm and blood-brain-barrier,…

Read More
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Acute Stroke Management : Mnemonic Approach

Aug 28, 2019Aug 28, 2019

Mnemonic: BRAIN ATTACK a. Blood pressure: Antihypertensives are recommended only in following conditions: SBP >220 mmHg, DBP >120 mmHg or MAP >130 mmHg (Target SBP reduction by 15% in 1st 24 hours) End organ damage: Acute MI, Aortic dissection, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Severe left ventricular failure Candidates for thrombolysis: SBP >185…

Read More
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Bronchopulmonary segments : Mnemonic

Jun 12, 2023May 19, 2024

Features of Bronchopulmonary segments: Right Lung Mnemonic: A PALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm (from top to bottom) 1. Superior lobe: 2. Middle lobe: 3. Inferior lobe: Left Lung Instead of lateral and medial segment as described in middle lobe of right lung, the left lung lingula has: Some books…

Read More

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Epomedicine. 4 Box Model for Clinical Decision Making [Internet]. Epomedicine; 2020 Oct 23 [cited 2026 Sep 15]. Available from: https://epomedicine.com/medical-students/4-box-model-clinical-decision-making/.

Pre-clinical (Basic Sciences)

Anatomy

Biochemistry

Community medicine (PSM)

Embryology

Microbiology

Pathology

Pharmacology

Physiology

Clinical Sciences

Anesthesia

Dermatology

Emergency medicine

Forensic

Internal medicine

Gynecology & Obstetrics

Oncology

Ophthalmology

Orthopedics

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Pediatrics

Psychiatry

Radiology

Surgery

RSS feed: Ask Epomedicine Ask Epomedicine

  • What to study for Clinical examination in Orthopedics?
  • What is the mechanism of AVNRT?

Epomedicine weekly

  • About Epomedicine
  • Contact Us
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit Article
  • Editorial Board
  • USMLE
  • MRCS
  • Thesis
©2026 Epomedicine | WordPress Theme by SuperbThemes